从上华严寺看辽代建筑装饰艺术
发布时间：2019-07-08 11:48
【摘要】：华严寺座落于山西省大同市,是一处典型的汉文化与辽金文化相融合的寺院。寺院由上华严寺,下华严寺和海会殿三部分组成。上华严寺和下华严寺打破了一般寺院坐北朝南的布局,寺院主要建筑坐西朝东(海会殿坐北朝南,保留了汉民族文化原有的特征),与其当时特有的民族文化和宗教信仰等有着密不可分的关系,著名建筑学家梁思成先生解释这种方位时用八个字加以概括：“辽人信鬼,拜日为神”,这种建筑布局在全国也很罕见,也是辽金建筑的特征之一。 华严寺以其独特的建筑水平和非凡的艺术风格名扬天下。其布局合理,符合中国古人在建筑格局上的阴阳宇宙观和崇尚对称、秩序、稳定的审美心理。大殿与附属建筑相搭配而建,构成一处精巧玲珑的寺院。寺院为两进院,建有天王殿、观音阁(南)、地藏王阁(北)、钟楼亭及配殿,形成南北对称,高低错落的辽金建筑风格。 其中上华严寺大雄宝殿气势雄伟壮观,规模宏大。大雄宝殿矗立在高大的月台上,大殿为上寺主殿,它与月台雕栏石级等为辽金遗物。大雄宝殿坐西向东,面阔九间(53.75米),进深五间(29米),总面积为1559平方米。其建筑结构为单檐五脊顶(庑殿式)举折平缓,殿顶正脊上的琉璃鸱吻高达4.5米,其中北端鸱吻与大殿同时为金代遗物。这是目前已知国内早期古建筑上最大的琉璃鸱吻。殿内采用了“减柱法”,是辽代建筑艺术的主要特征之一。这种建筑形式不仅扩大了空间面积,而且节省了大量的建筑材料。这对研究我国古代建筑如何运用结构力学有重要价值。整个大殿气势磅礴,巍峨壮观,结构稳固,是我国现存的两座最大佛殿之一(另一座为辽宁省义县奉国寺大殿)。辽集成了唐代简朴、浑厚、雄壮之风,在整体和各部分的比例上,斗拱雄大硕健,出檐深远,屋顶坡度低缓,曲线刚劲有力。细部手法简洁朴实。雕饰较少。这就使得辽、宋建筑具有迥然不同的形象。这时期的建筑装饰绚丽而多彩。室内的梁架、斗拱、虚柱(垂莲柱)以及具有各种棂格的格子门、落地长窗等既有建筑结构功能,又发挥了装饰作用。房屋下部的须弥座和佛殿内部的佛座多为石造,构图丰富多彩,雕刻也很精美。殿内平某藻井、壁画、佛像等的塑造也丰富多彩,体现了美学价值和“巧夺天工”的高超技艺。 云中古刹华严寺,是历史的产物,文物的精华,它是中华名族智慧和创造力的结晶。是文明古国的象征,把古代建筑装饰艺术传承下去并发扬光大,我们应该把它们做为现代建筑装饰艺术的导航和基础,从中学习并把中国民族文化发扬光大!
文内图片：
图片说明：大雄宝殿平面图见《大同华严寺(上寺))}，齐平P205Figure3一1TheHallofMahaviraTbtalPlanSee，，HuayantemPleindatong，，QIPing，，P205
[Abstract]:Huayan Temple, located in Datong City, Shanxi Province, is a typical temple with the integration of Han culture and Liao and Jin cultures. The monastery is composed of Shanghua Yan Temple, Xianhua Yan Temple and Shanghai Guild Temple. Shanghua Yan Temple and Xihua Yan Temple broke the layout of the general monasteries sitting north and south, and the main buildings of the monasteries were located in the west and east (the meeting hall was sitting north and south, retaining the original characteristics of Han national culture), which was closely related to their unique national culture and religious beliefs at that time. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect, explained this position in eight words: "Liao people believe in ghosts and worship Japan as gods." This kind of architectural layout is also very rare in the whole country, but also one of the characteristics of Liao and Jin buildings. Huayan Temple is famous for its unique architectural level and extraordinary artistic style. Its layout is reasonable, which accords with the view of yin and yang universe and the aesthetic psychology of advocating symmetry, order and stability in the architectural pattern of Chinese ancients. The main hall was built with ancillary buildings to form a exquisite monastery. The monastery is a two-way courtyard, with Tianwang Temple, Guanyin Pavilion (South), Tibetan King Pavilion (North), Zhong Lou Pavilion and matching Hall, forming the north-south symmetrical, high and low Liao Jin architectural style. Among them, Shanghua Yan Temple Daxiong Temple magnificent momentum, large scale. Daxiong treasure hall stands on the tall platform, the main hall is the main hall of Shangsi, it and platform carving hurdle stone class are Liao Jin relics. Daxiong Temple sits west to east, with a width of nine (53.75 meters) and a depth of five (29 meters), with a total area of 1559 square meters. Its architectural structure is a single eaves and five ridges (veranda style), and the glass kiss on the main ridge of the temple is 4.5 meters high, in which the northern end kiss and the hall are the relics of the Jin Dynasty at the same time. This is the largest glass kiss in the early ancient buildings in China. The use of "column reduction method" in the temple is one of the main characteristics of Liao Dynasty architectural art. This form of architecture not only expands the space area, but also saves a lot of building materials. This is of great value to the study of how to use structural mechanics in ancient Chinese architecture. The whole hall is majestic, majestic and spectacular, and has a stable structure. It is one of the two largest Buddhist temples in our country (the other is Fengguo Temple Hall in Yixian County, Liaoning Province). Liao Dynasty has become a simple, thick, majestic wind in the Tang Dynasty. In the proportion of the whole and each part, the fighting arch is big and strong, the eaves are far-reaching, the roof slope is low and slow, and the curve is strong and strong. The details are simple and simple. There are fewer sculptures. This makes Liao and Song architecture have very different images. The architectural decorations of this period are beautiful and colorful. Indoor beam frame, bucket arch, virtual column (vertical lotus column) as well as lattice doors with all kinds of latticed doors, landing windows and so on not only have the function of architectural structure, but also play the role of decoration. The lower part of the house and the Buddhist pedestal inside the temple are mostly made of stone, rich and colorful in composition, and beautifully carved. The shaping of a algal well, mural painting and Buddha statues in the temple is also rich and colorful, reflecting the aesthetic value and the superb skill of "skillful work". Huayan Temple, an ancient temple in Yunzhong, is the product of history and the essence of cultural relics. It is the crystallization of the wisdom and creativity of the famous Chinese nationality. Is the symbol of ancient civilization, the ancient architectural decoration art is passed on and carried forward, we should regard them as the navigation and foundation of modern architectural decoration art, from which we should learn and carry forward the Chinese national culture!
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J525
本文编号：2511562
文内图片：
图片说明：大雄宝殿平面图见《大同华严寺(上寺))}，齐平P205Figure3一1TheHallofMahaviraTbtalPlanSee，，HuayantemPleindatong，，QIPing，，P205
[Abstract]:Huayan Temple, located in Datong City, Shanxi Province, is a typical temple with the integration of Han culture and Liao and Jin cultures. The monastery is composed of Shanghua Yan Temple, Xianhua Yan Temple and Shanghai Guild Temple. Shanghua Yan Temple and Xihua Yan Temple broke the layout of the general monasteries sitting north and south, and the main buildings of the monasteries were located in the west and east (the meeting hall was sitting north and south, retaining the original characteristics of Han national culture), which was closely related to their unique national culture and religious beliefs at that time. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect, explained this position in eight words: "Liao people believe in ghosts and worship Japan as gods." This kind of architectural layout is also very rare in the whole country, but also one of the characteristics of Liao and Jin buildings. Huayan Temple is famous for its unique architectural level and extraordinary artistic style. Its layout is reasonable, which accords with the view of yin and yang universe and the aesthetic psychology of advocating symmetry, order and stability in the architectural pattern of Chinese ancients. The main hall was built with ancillary buildings to form a exquisite monastery. The monastery is a two-way courtyard, with Tianwang Temple, Guanyin Pavilion (South), Tibetan King Pavilion (North), Zhong Lou Pavilion and matching Hall, forming the north-south symmetrical, high and low Liao Jin architectural style. Among them, Shanghua Yan Temple Daxiong Temple magnificent momentum, large scale. Daxiong treasure hall stands on the tall platform, the main hall is the main hall of Shangsi, it and platform carving hurdle stone class are Liao Jin relics. Daxiong Temple sits west to east, with a width of nine (53.75 meters) and a depth of five (29 meters), with a total area of 1559 square meters. Its architectural structure is a single eaves and five ridges (veranda style), and the glass kiss on the main ridge of the temple is 4.5 meters high, in which the northern end kiss and the hall are the relics of the Jin Dynasty at the same time. This is the largest glass kiss in the early ancient buildings in China. The use of "column reduction method" in the temple is one of the main characteristics of Liao Dynasty architectural art. This form of architecture not only expands the space area, but also saves a lot of building materials. This is of great value to the study of how to use structural mechanics in ancient Chinese architecture. The whole hall is majestic, majestic and spectacular, and has a stable structure. It is one of the two largest Buddhist temples in our country (the other is Fengguo Temple Hall in Yixian County, Liaoning Province). Liao Dynasty has become a simple, thick, majestic wind in the Tang Dynasty. In the proportion of the whole and each part, the fighting arch is big and strong, the eaves are far-reaching, the roof slope is low and slow, and the curve is strong and strong. The details are simple and simple. There are fewer sculptures. This makes Liao and Song architecture have very different images. The architectural decorations of this period are beautiful and colorful. Indoor beam frame, bucket arch, virtual column (vertical lotus column) as well as lattice doors with all kinds of latticed doors, landing windows and so on not only have the function of architectural structure, but also play the role of decoration. The lower part of the house and the Buddhist pedestal inside the temple are mostly made of stone, rich and colorful in composition, and beautifully carved. The shaping of a algal well, mural painting and Buddha statues in the temple is also rich and colorful, reflecting the aesthetic value and the superb skill of "skillful work". Huayan Temple, an ancient temple in Yunzhong, is the product of history and the essence of cultural relics. It is the crystallization of the wisdom and creativity of the famous Chinese nationality. Is the symbol of ancient civilization, the ancient architectural decoration art is passed on and carried forward, we should regard them as the navigation and foundation of modern architectural decoration art, from which we should learn and carry forward the Chinese national culture!
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J525
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 吴卫光;中国古建筑的天花、藻井技术与艺术[J];美术学报;2003年02期
相关会议论文 前1条
1 温风海;;对中国古代建筑风格特征之几点认识[A];中国民族建筑论文集[C];2001年
本文编号：2511562
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/wenyilunwen/shinazhuanghuangshejilunwen/2511562.html
