不同芭蕾“外开”练习中上体姿态特征的分析

发布时间：2018-01-15 12:17

本文关键词：不同芭蕾“外开”练习中上体姿态特征的分析　出处：《北京体育大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究目的：目前在形体训练中广‘泛采用芭蕾的训练方法和手段,但对这些方法和手段的了解皆来自于芭蕾舞艺术视角的研究结果,针对形体训练的研究相对匮乏。不同外开练习对塑造形体练习者平展挺拔的身体姿态的影响是否具有差异以及有何差异,迄今尚未见到研究报道,这势必影响形体训练的教学效果和实践活动的开展。为此,本文从形体训练的实际需要出发,依据运动机能形态学和美学基本原理,对不同站姿和下蹲动作练习时躯干肌肉的活动状况及身体姿态变化特点的研究,剖析芭蕾外开练习对上体姿态的影响。研究对象和方法：研究对象为15名普通大学女生。对研究对象分别进行了常态下放松站姿、立正站姿、常态足位下的芭蕾基本站姿、不需意志努力非常态开位芭蕾基本站姿、需意志努力控制重心的芭蕾一位基本站姿,以及对应上述三种不同开位芭蕾基本站姿下蹲练习时影响上体姿态的主要肌肉的表面肌电测试和身体形态测试。并对动作结构、肌电的平均振幅进行了分析。研究结果： (1)三种不同足位下芭蕾基本站姿的胸椎曲度变化极小,但胸部形态趋于舒展,姿态渐佳；下肢外开的基本站立姿态有利于肌肉力量的加强,进而促进形态的改善。 (2)在需意志努力控制重心的芭蕾一位基本站姿下,可动员多数肌肉参与收缩；而在半蹲和全蹲时,所测试的全部肌肉运动单位的募集数量较多。 (3)在需意志努力控制重心的芭蕾一位基本站姿时,骶骨的倾斜角度明显增大,腰椎曲度也相应增加,此改变与重心控制的调节和髋关节的柔韧性有关。结论： (1)在外开练习时,随着足位外开角度的增大,展胸沉肩和头部上拎姿态的变化趋势明显。形体训练可充分利用这一姿态变化特征,适当加大足位的外开角度,来提高头位和胸部优雅舒展的控制能力。 (2)在需意志努力控制重心的芭蕾一位基本站姿和半蹲与全蹲动作练习时,因骶骨的倾斜角度和腰椎曲度的增大,呈现相对翘臀的形态,与被测试者控制身体平衡的调节能力和髋关节的柔韧性相关。 (3)下肢相对外开的基本站立姿态和半蹲与全蹲动作练习时,相应肌肉所承受的负荷较大,能促进肌肉力量的加强,为姿态的改善提供了良好的物质基础。本文建议：形体练习时应努力增大足位的外开角度,采用需意志努力控制重心的一位基本站姿进行形体练习,并且在练习时要注意加强下肢外旋的柔韧性,有意识地努力减小骶骨的倾斜角度,使脊柱充分伸展,增强相应肌肉的力量,进而达到良好姿态的常态化。
[Abstract]:Objective: at present widely used in physical training, training methods and means of ballet, but the results of these methods are from the perspective of understanding the ballet, research on physical training is relatively scarce. The different influence of exercise on body shape and body posture spreading practice and what difference whether there is difference and so far has not been reported, it is bound to affect the physical training teaching effect and practice. Therefore, this paper from the actual needs of physical training of motor function according to morphology and aesthetics of the basic principle, research status and physical activity attitude change characteristics of different posture and squat exercises when the trunk muscles, analyze the effect of Practice on outside the ballet body posture.
Subjects and methods: Subjects of 15 ordinary college girls. The object of study were carried out under normal relaxed posture, standing posture, normal foot ballet under the basic standing posture, no will to open a very state ballet basic stance and volitive efforts to control the center of gravity of a ballet basic station posture, and surface EMG of major muscles influence body posture corresponding to the three different open position ballet basic stance squats when testing and body shape test. And the movement structure, the average amplitude of EMG was analyzed.
The results of the study:
(1) under three different feet, the chest curvature of ballet's basic stance is very small, but the chest shape tends to stretch and the posture is better. The basic standing posture of the lower limbs is conducive to the enhancement of muscle strength and the improvement of morphology.
(2) efforts to control the center of gravity in the ballet will need a basic stance, can mobilize most muscles involved in contraction; while in the squat and squat, raise the number of testing all the muscle motor units.
(3) when the ballet's basic stance is needed to control the center of gravity, the tilt angle of sacrum increases, and the lumbar curvature increases. This change is related to the adjustment of center of gravity and flexibility of hip joint.
Conclusion:
(1) in the open practice, with the increase of the lateral opening angle of the feet, the trend of the chest shoulder and head carrying posture is obvious. Physique training can make full use of the change characteristics of this posture, and appropriately increase the opening angle of the foot position, so as to improve the control ability of the head and chest's graceful extension.
(2) efforts to control the center of gravity in the ballet will need a basic stance and squat and squat exercise, because the increase of the tilt angle of the sacral and lumbar curvature, showing relatively Qiaotun form, and subject to control the body balance adjustment ability and hip flexibility.
(3) lower relative to the outer open basic standing posture and squat and squat exercise, the corresponding muscle bearing load is larger, can promote the strengthening of muscle strength, provide good material basis for the improvement of attitude.
This paper suggests: physical exercise should increase the foot position outside open angle, with a basic standing posture volitive efforts to control the center of gravity of physical exercise, and should pay attention to strengthening the external rotation of the lower extremity flexibility in practice, make a conscious effort to reduce the inclination of the sacrum, the Spine Stretch, enhancement of the corresponding muscles power, normalization and achieve good posture.

【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J722.5

【引证文献】