恩施州土家族摆手舞开展现状及传承研究

发布时间：2019-01-16 05:30

【摘要】：摆手舞是国家级非物质文化遗产,是土家族民族文化的精髓,也是土家族有别于其它族的依据。随着生产力的发展,现代生活文化对摆手舞不断产生影响,摆手舞已处于濒危的状态。本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、实地考察法、数理统计法对恩施州土家族摆手舞的开展现状进行研究,得出以下结论： (1)摆手舞没有得到很好的开展,主要原因是相关部门不重视、缺乏时代感、欠缺科学性和规范性。归因分析中所占比例分别为：78%、16%、6%。 (2)通过对高校以及中小学摆手舞开展现状分析可知：恩施州中小学开展摆手舞的主要县市有4个,而高校没有将摆手舞纳入教学计划,致使摆手舞的推广力度不够。 (3)对政府相关负责人和地方摆手舞传承人访谈发现：传承人出现断层,摆手舞传承资金来源单一且匮乏、地方政府对传承人的扶持力度不够。 (4)旅游景点开展摆手舞的地方只有2个,对参与群体的调查分析发现男性游客略高于女性游客；而在众多的体育项目中最能吸引游客的是摆手舞,占43%。 (5)城区参与摆手舞人群主要是中、老年人,他们的年龄主要集中在50到65岁之间,年轻人参与比较少。具有很好的群众基础,但没有形成具体的推广模式和一定影响力的品牌赛事或活动。 (6)针对摆手舞开展存在的问题,应用营销学、社会学等多学科理论与知识的指导,提出了恩施州土家族摆手舞的推广策略：政府主导的推广策略；教学推广策略；竞赛推广策略；表演推广策略；大众媒体宣传策略；赞助策略。建议：(1)在城区,应加强政府的主导作用,在制定、出台保护和传承摆手舞相关的法律法规的同时,利用社会各界的力量引入资金,加大对摆手舞传承的资金投入,设立土家族传统体育俱乐部,建设主题公园,加强节日活动现场指导,组织更多的摆手舞比赛,推选摆手舞明星。 (2)在农村,各界媒体应加大对恩施州土家族摆手舞的宣传,拓宽多种媒体渠道让更多的人了解摆手舞,并参与到摆手舞活动中。 (3)在学校,应创造条件将摆手舞纳入课程方案,制定教学大纲,在学校扩大摆手舞的影响力。高校应加强对摆手舞的研究和发展工作,让更多的科技人才加入到传承和发展摆手舞,培养专业的摆手舞社会体育指导员。 (4)在旅游景区,应加强对恩施州民族特色和地域特点宣传的力度,促进商品销售、推出旅游景点活动体验,让更多的游客感受到土家族的文化。
[Abstract]:Waving dance is the national intangible cultural heritage, the essence of Tujia nationality culture, and the basis for Tujia nationality to be different from other ethnic groups. With the development of productive forces, modern life culture has a constant impact on the waving dance, which is in an endangered state. In this paper, the methods of literature, questionnaire, interview, field investigation, mathematical statistics are used to study the present situation of Enshi Tujia hand dance, and the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the hand dance has not been carried out well. The main reason is that the relevant departments do not pay attention to, lack of sense of the times, lack of scientific and normative. The proportion of attribution analysis were 78 and 16, respectively. (2) through the analysis of the present situation of waving dance in colleges and middle schools, we can know that there are 4 major counties and cities in Enshi prefecture, but the university does not bring the waving dance into the teaching plan, which results in the insufficient popularization of the hand dance. (3) the interviews with the relevant government officials and the local inheritors found that: the inheritor appeared a fault, the fund source of the hand dance inheritance was single and scarce, and the local government did not support the inheritor sufficiently. (4) there are only 2 places where the swinging dance is carried out in the tourist attractions. The investigation and analysis of the participating groups show that the male tourists are slightly higher than the female tourists, while among the many sports events, the most attractive one is the waving dance, accounting for 43%. (5) the middle and old people are mainly involved in hand dance in urban area, their ages are mainly between 50 and 65 years old, and the young people participate less. Has a good mass base, but has not formed the concrete promotion pattern and the certain influence brand competition or the activity. (6) aiming at the problems existing in the development of hand dance, applying the guidance of marketing, sociology and other multi-disciplinary theories and knowledge, this paper puts forward the popularizing strategies of Enshi Tujia dance: the government-led promotion strategy, the teaching promotion strategy, and so on. Competition promotion strategy; performance promotion strategy; mass media promotion strategy; sponsorship strategy. Recommendations: (1) in the urban areas, the leading role of the government should be strengthened. While formulating, introducing laws and regulations related to the protection and inheritance of the hand dance, we should use the strength of all sectors of society to introduce funds and increase the investment in the inheritance of the hand dance. Set up Tujia traditional sports club, construct theme park, strengthen the on-site instruction of festival activities, organize more waving dance competitions, and select dancing stars. (2) in rural areas, the media from all walks of life should increase the publicity of Tujia dance in Enshi Prefecture, widen various media channels so that more people can understand the waving dance and participate in the waving dance activities. (3) in school, the conditions should be created to incorporate the swing dance into the curriculum, to develop the syllabus, and to expand the influence of the hand dance in the school. Colleges and universities should strengthen the research and development of the hand dance, let more scientific and technological talents join in the inheritance and development of the hand dance, and train professional social sports instructors of the hand dance. (4) in the scenic spots, we should strengthen the propaganda of the national and regional characteristics of Enshi Prefecture, promote the sale of commodities, promote the activity experience of tourist attractions, and let more tourists feel the Tujia culture.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J722.22

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