福柯的作者理论

发布时间：2018-03-15 10:11

本文选题：作者功能　切入点：话语　出处：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文对福柯的作者理论展开了相关的研究，以期通过若干问题的探讨对福柯的作者理论及福柯的思想有所了解。米歇尔·福柯是20世纪极富挑战性和反叛性的法国思想家，被称作“20世纪法兰西的尼采”“萨特之后法国最重要的思想家”，，他是后结构主义、后现代主义群体中的领军人物。具体来说，作为思想界巨擎的福柯对文学的关注影响了结构主义和后结构主义的走向，他对作者问题的关注使得作者能够处于文本之外且先于文本存在。福柯于1969年发表了《什么是作者？》这篇文章，伴随着“作者之死”的提出，福柯提出了其作者理论中的核心概念——作者功能。福柯对作者理论中这一核心概念的定义是它集中体现了一个社会里某些话语存在、流通和运作的特征。因此，福柯的作者理论的核心就是作者具有功能性意义。就内部影响而言，具有功能性意义的作者理论在对内方面呈现出四个不同特征，即，作者功能是法律的产物，这一体系会明确的表达出话语的范围；在我们所处的文化中，每个时期都是在为不同类型的文本寻找作者，作者功能影响话语的方式是会随着时代和不同文化形态而改变；“作者”被建构为一种特定的理性存在是要通过批评家们一系列复杂的努力来完成的；作者功能产生并存在于作者和叙事者之间的裂缝当中，这一规律普遍存在于文学和科学话语之中。这四个不同的特征从内部对作者理论起到支撑作用。就外部影响而言，福柯的作者功能理论产生了多层面多维度的影响，分别是，在文学上由于福柯认为作者不是一个一般性的专有名称，而是话语的一种功能，是把一个具体的人从话语之中引向更为宽广的外部世界，因此作者变得丰富多彩；对新历史主义而言，福柯认为，话语观念使文学文本向更大的实践领域开放：小说本身就是历史，文本不但可以生产新的客体对象，甚至生产新的主体，因此，福柯的作者理论也就成了构成新历史主义的方法论；话语实践是福柯作者理论中的重要概念，它对考古学、话语分析等都产生了多重影响；另一个福柯理论中的重要概念“权力”也在作者理论的框架下，在文学中的地位愈加突显，福柯的作者理论实际上扩展了话语的意义，使得权力在话语的基础上显得更加重要。福柯作者理论以历史性的眼光在知识考古学和主体批判的基础上，运用话语分析的手段，为我们提供了一种不同于传统的作者理论，为我们的文学和文化研究提供了启示。
[Abstract]:This paper studies Foucault's author's theory in order to understand Foucault's author's theory and Foucault's thought through several questions. In 20th century, Michele Foucault was a very challenging and rebellious French thinker. Known as "Nietzsche of France in 20th century," "the most important thinker in France after Sartre," he was a post-structuralist, leader in the post-modernist community. Foucault's attention to literature has influenced the trend of structuralism and post-structuralism, and his attention to the question of the author enables the author to be outside the text and to exist before the text. In 1969, Foucault published "what is the author?" In this article, along with the author's death, Foucault puts forward the core concept in his author's theory, the author's function. Foucault defines this core concept in the author's theory as the embodiment of some discourse in a society. Therefore, the core of Foucault's author theory is the author's functional significance. As far as internal influence is concerned, the author's theory of functional significance shows four different characteristics internally, namely, the author's function is the product of law, and this system clearly expresses the scope of discourse; in our culture, Each time is looking for an author for a different type of text, The way in which the author's function influences the discourse changes with the times and different cultural forms, and the author is constructed as a particular rational existence through a series of complicated efforts of the critics. The author's function is produced and exists in the cracks between the author and the narrator, and this law generally exists in literary and scientific discourse. These four different characteristics support the author's theory from the inside. As far as external influence is concerned, Foucault's theory of author's function has a multi-level and multi-dimensional influence, which is, in literature, because Foucault thinks that the author is not a general exclusive name, but a function of discourse. It is to lead a concrete person from the discourse to the wider outer world, so that the author becomes rich and colorful; in the case of New historicism, Foucault believes, The concept of discourse opens the literary text to a larger field of practice: the novel itself is history, and the text can not only produce new objects, but also new subjects. Foucault's author theory has become the methodology that constitutes new historicism, discourse practice is an important concept in Foucault's author's theory, it has many influences on archaeology and discourse analysis. Another important concept in Foucault's theory, "power", is more and more prominent in literature under the framework of author's theory. Foucault's author theory actually expands the meaning of discourse and makes power more important on the basis of discourse. On the basis of knowledge archaeology and subject criticism, Foucault's author theory provides us with a different author's theory from the traditional author's theory and provides us with inspiration for our literary and cultural studies.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I0

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