《红楼梦》习语隐喻翻译探究

发布时间：2018-03-29 13:54

本文选题：《红楼梦》　切入点：习语隐喻　出处：《青岛大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：上个世纪60年代,尤金·奈达博士提出了动态对等的概念,避开了翻译研究中一些困扰译者们多年的问题,建立起一套以读者反应的相等程度为翻译标准的理论。不过每个民族在自身文明进化发展的过程中都形成了自己对客观世界的特殊体验。语言作为心智的表征和对世界进行概念化的工具,其本身就具有体验性,这意味着认知体验的差异从根本上造成了文化的多样化和语言的差异性,因为两个民族之间语言的不对等主要取决于各种认知体验上的差异,加上译者的理解与原作现实之间存在一定的差距,读者与译者之间的心理、知识和经验的差距等,都使得在翻译的语码转换过程中造成信息损耗。如何期望译文读者能够基本上以原文读者理解和欣赏原文的方式来理解和欣赏译文始终是翻译研究中的一个重点。《红楼梦》是中国文学史上最杰出的古典文学作品,其巨大的文学成就和艺术魅力不仅吸引了无数的中外读者,也为翻译、语言学和文化修辞研究等提供了丰富的资源。隐喻是整本书的重要组成部分,也是小说获得空前成功的关键因素。曹雪芹借助各式隐喻,成功地刻画出了栩栩如生,形态各异的人物形象,并深化突出了小说的主题思想。考虑到《红楼梦》中隐喻系统的庞大规模,本文仅对小说中出现的习语隐喻做重点探讨和研究。习语是具有特定形式的词组,其蕴含的意义往往不能从词组中单个词的意思简单推测出来,也不能从词典中获得语境中的意义。尤其是遇到这种词组意义时,译者往往无所适从。习语既是文化的载体,也是语言的精华,带有浓厚的民族色彩和鲜明的文化内涵。有关习语中的隐喻认知观念,英汉两种语言之间既存在巨大的文化差距,也偶有恰巧相似对等之处。通常情况下,当一个隐喻包含于习语之中,只会使目的语的读者对本来便艰涩难懂的习语更加茫然不知所云,无形之中翻译的难度也大大增加,考验着译者对多种多样的习语的熟知程度和语言文化转换的技能。本文以《红楼梦》前八十回的英译本作为例证,从英汉隐喻认知概念的非对等角度,甄别其中制约习语隐喻翻译的文化语境、文学语境和上下文语境等要素,并引入了“欠额翻译”的理念来阐释隐喻翻译策略的选择和缘由,评析翻译结果的优劣,论证隐喻翻译的体验特性,提出较为合理的评价标准。
[Abstract]:In the 1960s, Dr. Eugene Nida proposed the concept of dynamic equivalence, avoiding some of the problems that have plagued translators for years. To establish a set of translation criteria based on the degree of equality of the reader's response. However, each nation has developed its own special experience of the objective world in the course of its own evolution and development of civilization, language as a representation of the mind and. The tools for conceptualizing the world, This means that the difference of cognitive experience has caused the diversity of culture and the difference of language, because the difference of language between two nations mainly depends on the difference of cognitive experience. In addition, there is a gap between the translator's understanding and the reality of the original work, as well as the gap in psychology, knowledge and experience between the reader and the translator. How to expect the target readers to understand and appreciate the source text basically in the way that the original readers understand and appreciate the original text has always been a key point in translation studies. "A Dream of Red Mansions" is the most outstanding classical literary work in the history of Chinese literature. Its great literary achievements and artistic charm not only attract countless Chinese and foreign readers, but also serve as translators. The study of linguistics and cultural rhetoric has provided abundant resources. Metaphor is an important part of the whole book and a key factor in the novel's unprecedented success. In view of the huge scale of metaphor system in A Dream of Red Mansions, this paper focuses on the idiom metaphor in the novel. An idiom is a phrase with a specific form, the meaning of which is often not easily inferred from the meaning of a single word in a phrase, nor can the meaning of the context be obtained from the dictionary, especially when it comes to the meaning of such a phrase. Translators are often at a loss. Idioms are not only the carrier of culture, but also the essence of language, with strong national color and distinct cultural connotations. There is a huge cultural gap between English and Chinese about the metaphorical cognitive concepts in idioms. In general, when a metaphor is included in an idiom, it will only make the target language readers more confused about the idioms that are already difficult to understand, and the difficulty of translating them will be greatly increased. It tests the translator's familiarity with a variety of idioms and the skills of language and culture transformation. Taking the English translation of the first 80 chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions as an example, this paper explores the non-equivalence of the cognitive concepts of metaphor in English and Chinese. The cultural context, literary context and contextual context which restrict the translation of idiom metaphors are identified, and the concept of "undervalued translation" is introduced to explain the choice and reasons of translation strategies, and to evaluate the results of translation. To demonstrate the experiential characteristics of metaphorical translation and to put forward more reasonable evaluation criteria.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I046;H315.9

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