从改写理论看庞德《华夏集》的翻译

发布时间：2018-05-31 11:33

本文选题：《华夏集》 + 改写　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 艾兹拉·庞德是美国现代文学史上杰出的诗人，同时也是一位出色的翻译家。他从东方学家费诺罗萨的遗稿中选译了19首中国古诗，，并于1915年以《华夏集》命名结集出版。自其发行以来，《华夏集》一直是一部褒贬不一、倍受争议的作品。本文试从翻译改写理论的视角，采用描述性研究方法，对这部译作进行重新审视和评价。改写理论由比利时学者安德烈·勒菲弗尔提出。该理论认为，翻译是所有对原文本进行加工的改写形式中最显著的一种。某一特定时期和社会的意识形态与诗学决定和操纵着各种改写；反过来，任何改写也都反映和服务于某一意识形态或诗学。改写，尤其是翻译，在对立意识形态或诗学的斗争中发挥着重要作用。通过对《华夏集》产生的时代及文学背景进行考察，和对中国古诗原文、部分费氏笔记及《华夏集》英译文进行描述性对比细读，本文指出《华夏集》是一部由庞德所处时代的意识形态及诗学共同促成的改写作品。就意识形态而言，当时第一次世界大战的严峻形势对庞德翻译的选材产生了直接影响。庞德从费诺罗萨遗稿中挑出19首中国古诗译成《华夏集》，并非随意而为，而是精心选择用以突出战乱、离别、羁旅、怀旧、幻灭等战争题材；而在翻译过程中，庞德也往往不惜背离原文意义和费氏的注释，着力渲染战时人们的心理和情感。就诗学而言，19世纪末20世纪初英美诗坛占统治地位的后期维多利亚诗学开始衰退，以庞德为首的英美诗人发动了意象主义、漩涡主义等一系列诗学革新运动，提倡使用恰切的意象和漩涡，通俗简洁的语言，及富于音乐性的节奏来呈现事物和表达情感。中国古诗的诸多特征与新诗学的要求刚好不谋而合，于是庞德通过翻译《华夏集》展示这种新诗学，借以推动新诗学的发展；在翻译过程中，庞德也往往根据其诗学主张对原文本进行一定程度的操控，如凸显意象、采掘漩涡、重情感暗示、使用当代语言及灵活节奏等。无论是对费氏笔记的挑选及编纂过程，还是对中国古诗的翻译过程，《华夏集》的产生都折射出来自庞德所处时代的意识形态和诗学的影响。将《华夏集》视为意识形态和诗学操控下的改写这一结论，有助于我们对这部毁誉参半的作品做出更客观、更科学的评价，也为我们更好地理解庞德及其翻译提供了一些启示。
[Abstract]:Ezra pound is an outstanding poet and translator in the history of modern American literature. He selected and translated 19 ancient Chinese poems from the manuscripts of Finolosa, an oriental scholar, and published them in 1915 under the name of Huaxia. Since its release, China Collection has been a controversial and controversial work. From the perspective of translation rewriting theory, this paper attempts to re-examine and evaluate the translation from a descriptive approach. Rewriting theory was put forward by Andrea Lefevere, a Belgian scholar. According to this theory, translation is one of the most significant forms of rewriting of the original text. Ideology and poetics of a certain period and society decide and manipulate various rewriting; in turn, any rewriting also reflects and serves a certain ideology or poetics. Rewriting, especially translation, plays an important role in the struggle against ideology or poetics. Through the investigation of the time and the literary background of the production of the anthology of China, and the descriptive and detailed reading of the original text of the Chinese ancient poetry, some of Fei's notes and the English translation of the Chinese Collection of China, This paper points out that the anthology of China is a rewritten work which was jointly promoted by the ideology and poetics of pound's time. As far as ideology is concerned, the grim situation of World War I had a direct impact on pound's translation selection. Pound chose 19 ancient Chinese poems from Finolosa's manuscripts to be translated into Chinese anthology, which were not random but carefully selected to highlight war themes such as war, departure, detours, nostalgia, disillusionment, and so on; and in the process of translation, Pound also often deviates from the original meaning and Fay's comments, focusing on the wartime people's psychology and feelings. As far as poetics is concerned, Victorian poetics began to decline in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, when Victorian poetics began to decline. The Anglo-American poets led by pound launched a series of poetic innovation movements, such as imagism, whirlpool doctrine and so on. Promote the use of appropriate images and whirlpools, simple and popular language, and musical rhythm to present things and express emotions. Many features of ancient Chinese poetry coincide with the requirements of the new poetics, so pound demonstrates the new poetics through the translation of the Chinese anthology in order to promote the development of the new poetics. Pound also tends to manipulate the original text to a certain extent according to his poetics, such as highlighting images, mining whirlpools, emphasizing emotional cues, using contemporary language and flexible rhythm, and so on. Whether in the process of selecting and compiling Fei's notes, or in the process of translating ancient Chinese poetry, the production of Huaxia set reflects the influence of ideology and poetics from pound's time. The conclusion that the anthology of China is rewritten under the control of ideology and poetics will help us to make a more objective and scientific evaluation of this work with a mixed reputation and provide us with some enlightenment for a better understanding of pound and his translation.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I046;H315.9

【引证文献】