弗洛伊德的“症状阅读”与叙事学理论

发布时间：2018-06-05 17:17

本文选题：弗洛伊德 + “症状阅读”　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：弗洛伊德的精神分析给20世纪西方的思想文化留下了深刻的烙印。研究二十世纪西方文学、美学、心理学，弗洛伊德是不能绕开的一个问题。弗洛伊德的精神分析在当代批评话语中的重要意义已经成为理论家们的共识。但目前对弗洛伊德的研究却存在着两个问题：一．关注弗洛伊德的研究结果而忽略弗洛伊德的研究方法；二．注重精神分析对20世纪文学作品的影响，而忽略理论的相互阐发。作为弗洛伊德精神分析最重要的方法之一，“症状阅读”是弗洛伊德的文本解释学，也对二十世纪文论例如叙事学产生过重要影响。但目前这方面的研究还很稀见。笔者试图在这一方面进行一些有意义的尝试，主要探讨两个问题：一是梳理弗洛伊德“症状阅读”的概念；二是进行弗洛伊德的“症状阅读”与叙事学理论的比较研究。期望通过对这方面的研究，，加深对弗洛伊德“症状阅读”及其影响的认识。弗洛伊德是“症状阅读”的奠基人。首先，“症状阅读”的概念。弗洛伊德认为被压抑的无意识是产生症状的根源，一旦无意识变为意识，症状就消失了。“症状阅读”的目的就是将无意识转变为意识。“症状阅读”主要有三个重要特征：一．重视对文本中的空白处的阅读。二．重视文本的深层意义。三．强调阅读的作用。其次，“症状阅读”是弗洛伊德最重要的方法。弗洛伊德在临床和文本阅读时，都采用的是“症状阅读”法。弗洛伊德“症状阅读”有着如下发展：首先，拉康发展了“症状”的意义。受“症状阅读”的直接影响，拉康试图通过语义的精神分析，找出在语言中没有说出来的东西。其次，阿尔都塞提出问题式“症状阅读”。阿尔都塞要求在阅读中穿透有形文字，读出空白读出失语，从而真正把握作者写作文本的深层理论问题式。第三，列维·斯特劳斯用“症状阅读”揭示神话隐义。列维·斯特劳斯是“症状阅读”的实践者。斯特劳斯对神话的研究深受弗洛伊德的影响，通过文本的表面形式揭示文本的深层意义。列维·斯特劳斯认为，研究神话就是要揭示隐藏在神话表层结构之内的深层结构，以找到对全人类的心理都普遍有效的思维构成原则。弗洛伊德的“症状阅读”和叙事学的研究方法有如下相似之处：首先，二者的研究内容是同一的。“症状阅读”和叙事学都是在寻求普遍规律，弗洛伊德的目的在于找到人类心理的普遍无意识，而叙事学的目的也并不是研究一个具体的作品，而是研究叙事作品的普遍规律。其次，二者都认同创作是一种无意识。在这
[Abstract]:Freud's psychoanalysis left a deep mark on the western ideology and culture in the 20 th century. The study of western literature, aesthetics, psychology and Freud in the 20 th century is a problem that cannot be bypassed. The significance of Freud's psychoanalysis in contemporary critical discourse has become a consensus among theorists. However, there are two problems in the study of Freud. Focus on Freud's research results and ignore Freud's research methods. Pay attention to the influence of psychoanalysis on the literary works of the 20 th century, and ignore the mutual elucidation of theory. As one of the most important methods of Freud's psychoanalysis, symptomatic reading is Freud's textual hermeneutics, and has had an important influence on 20th century literary theory such as narratology. However, the current research in this area is still very rare. The author tries to make some meaningful attempts in this respect, mainly discussing two problems: first, combing the concept of Freud's "symptomatic reading"; second, conducting a comparative study of Freud's "symptom reading" and narratology theory. It is expected to deepen the understanding of Freud's symptomatic reading and its effects through the study of this aspect. Freud was the founder of symptom Reading. First, the concept of symptomatic reading. Freud believed that the suppressed unconscious was the root of the symptoms, and once the unconscious became conscious, the symptoms disappeared. The purpose of symptom Reading is to turn the unconscious into consciousness. Symptom Reading has three main characteristics: 1. Pay attention to reading the blanks in the text. II. Pay attention to the deep meaning of the text. III. Emphasize the role of reading. Second, symptom reading is Freud's most important method. Freud used the "symptom reading" method in both clinical and textual reading. Freud's symptom Reading develops as follows: first, Lacan develops the meaning of symptom. Influenced directly by symptomatic reading, Lacan tries to find out what is not spoken in language through semantic psychoanalysis. Second, Althusser puts forward the question-type "symptom reading". Althusser requires penetrating the tangible text and reading the blank to read out the aphasia in order to grasp the deep theoretical problem of the author's writing. Third, Levi Strauss uses symptomatic reading to reveal mythological connotations. Levi Strauss is the practitioner of symptomatic reading. Strauss' study of mythology was deeply influenced by Freud and revealed the deep meaning of the text through its superficial form. Levi Strauss believes that the study of mythology is to reveal the deep structure hidden in the surface structure of mythology in order to find the principle of thinking constitution which is generally effective to the psychology of all mankind. Freud's symptomatic reading and narratology have the following similarities: first, they are the same. "symptomatic reading" and narratology are both seeking universal laws. Freud's purpose is to find the universal unconscious of human psychology, and the purpose of narratology is not to study a specific work, but to study the universal law of narrative works. Secondly, both agree that creation is an unconscious. In this
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I0-05

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