西方语境下女权主义关于身体的理论阐释

发布时间：2018-06-15 07:57

本文选题：西方 + 女权主义　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 西方女权主义发展到今天，提出了诸多关于身体的理论。本文旨在通过对不同时期、不同流派女权主义的理论分析，将身体概念剥离出来，以此梳理并阐释西方语境下女权主义关于身体的各种理论。本文以一种客观态度，在对西方语境下女权主义身体理论进行整理的基础上，试图从政治性、话语性、多元性三个角度重新加以阐释，尽可能对不同时期、不同流派的女权主义做出全面、清晰的勾勒，希望能对国内目前此问题的研究稍有裨益。全文共分三章九节予以论述。第一章分析了女权主义三大流派关于身体的“政治性”阐释，这是一种外化视角。女权主义三大流派对主流文化的冲击更多地在政治层面上为人知晓，而不是在语言、理论和方法论层面上。女权主义对传统的颠覆性是因为它在性政治上做出了激进的强调。二三节为本章重点。第一节概述早期女权主义流派对身体研究的忽视。自由主义女权主义认为妇女受压迫源于社会不公正待遇，要达到两性平等，妇女必须争取更多受教育和就业的机会。马克思主义与社会主义女权主义试图解决阶级与性别问题。第二节论述了激进女权主义把身体研究提高到理论核心地位，认为男女的差异主要是身体的差异，侧重探索父权社会关于女性的性／社会性别制度、生育、性暴力和性剥削等理论。这是立足于政治层面的身体理论。第三节针对父权社会两性在身体上的不平等，激进女权主义提出了“性政治”的清算，介入了女权主义的批评方法。女权主义者使现存的批评方法政治化了。第二章分析了后现代女权主义批评中关于身体的“话语性”阐释，这是一种内化视角。后现代主义将理论概念重心从“结构”改变为“话语”，后现代女权主义批评因其具有浓重的法国色彩而被称为法国女权主义批评，她们注重对女性语言的探索。第一节概述法国女权主义批评的主要理论来源：雅克·拉康、雅克·德里达与米歇尔·福柯。第二节介绍法国女权主义批评的理论先驱西蒙·德·波伏娃“他者”理论中有关身体的解释。第三节重点分析法国女权主义批评三大代表人物的“身体话语”理论，分别为埃莱娜·西苏的“阴性写作”、露丝·伊利格瑞的“女人腔”以及朱莉亚·克里斯蒂瓦的“符号学”理论。她们主张挖掘女性语言和社会性别化的语言，认为这些语言扎根于女性的身体、欲望或想象力中。对女性身体的重新译读有助于瓦解菲勒斯中心，有助于挣脱父权社会的话语统治。女性通过身体写作来挖掘身体语言，借语言来争夺权力，从而建构女性主体。第三章分析了世纪之交女权主义关于身体的种种理论质疑，这是一种多元化视角。在世界经济、政治和文化日益全球化的历史背景下，女权主义者把身体的研究扩大到通俗文化和消费文化领域，批判这一时期的主流社会，尤其是消费文化和大众文化对女性身体的建构。第一节提出一种多元的性向实践：“酷儿”理论。它是对身体的自由选择和自由支配，是后现代话语对主流话语的一种解构，为文化走向多元提供了新的视角和实践意义上的可能。第二节讨论后女权主义关于消费文化下女性身体的标准化。这源于米歇尔·福柯关于标准化或正常化(normalisation)以及惩戒凝视的思想。消费文化下女性身体的标准化在一定程度上解放了身体的束缚与遮蔽，既给身体的暴露和交往带来了自由，又重新导致了对身体的压制和暴力。第三节论述女权主义对后现代消费文化中身体理论的各种质疑、探索和诠释。她们并不注重于重新发现不被父权话语建构的女性身体，，而承认在各种话语中身体形成的多元性和流动性，认为一统的身体形象之稳定性缺乏根据。这种身体理论虽远离女权主义的政治实践，却提供了一种可贵的多元视角，让一切单一的规范都变得模糊，从而使文化走向多样，使身体探讨走向多元。
[Abstract]:With the development of western feminism, many theories about the body have been put forward today. This article is aimed at stripping out the concept of body through the theoretical analysis of different schools of feminism in different periods and in order to comb and explain the various theories of feminism about the body in the western context.
On the basis of an objective attitude, this paper tries to reinterpret the feminist body theory in the western context, and tries to reinterpret it from three angles, political, discourse and pluralism, and make a comprehensive and clear outline of feminism in different periods and different schools, hoping to be a little helpful to the research of the present problem at home. The full text is divided into three chapters and nine sections.
The first chapter analyzes the "political" interpretation of the three major schools of feminism about the body, which is an externalized perspective. The impact of Feminism on the mainstream culture of the three major streams is more known at the political level than in the language, theory and methodology. The feminism is subversive to the tradition because it is in sex politics. The two or three section has made a radical emphasis. The first section is the focus of this chapter. The first section outlines the neglect of the body research in the early feminist schools. Liberalist feminism believes that women are oppressed from social injustice, and to achieve gender equality, women must strive for more opportunities for education and employment. Marx and socialist women's rights. It tries to solve the problem of class and sex. The second section discusses the radical feminism that raises the body research to the core of the theory, thinks that the differences between men and women are mainly physical differences, and focus on exploring the theories of patriarchal society about sex / gender system, fertility, sexual violence and sexual exploitation. This is based on the political level. Body theory. The third section aims at the inequality of the sexes in the patriarchal society. The radical feminism puts forward the liquidation of "sex politics", and intervenes the feminist criticism method. The feminist politicized the existing criticism methods.
The second chapter analyzes the "Discourse" interpretation of the body in postmodern feminist criticism, which is an internalized perspective. Postmodernism changes the center of gravity of theoretical concepts from "structure" to "Discourse", and postmodern feminist criticism is called French feminist criticism because of its heavy French color, and they pay attention to women. The first section outlines the main theoretical sources of French feminist criticism: Jacques Lacan, Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault. The second section introduces the explanation of the body in the theory of French feminist criticism, Simon de Beauvoir "the other" theory of Simon de Beauvoir. The third section focuses on the analysis of French feminist criticism. The "Body Discourse" theory of the three major representatives is Elena Sisu's "negative writing", Ruth illgerry's "woman's cavity" and the "Semiotics" theory of Julia Christian. They claim to excavate the language of female language and social gender, and think that these languages are rooted in the body, desire or desire of women. In imagination, the re translation of the female body helps to disintegrate the phreus center and help to break away from the domination of the patriarchal society. Women use body writing to excavate body language and compete for power by language, thus constructing female subjects.
The third chapter analyzes the theoretical questions about the feminism at the turn of the century, which is a pluralistic perspective. In the historical context of the globalization of world economy, politics and culture, feminists have expanded their research into the popular culture and consumer culture, and criticized the mainstream society, especially the consumer literature of the period. The first section puts forward a multiple sexual practice: "queer" theory. It is a free choice and free domination of the body. It is a deconstruction of the mainstream discourse in the post modern discourse. It provides a new perspective and practical significance for the pluralism of culture. The second section of the discussion after the discussion of the feminist owner. The standardization of the female body in the consumer culture. It comes from Michel Volker's thought about standardization or normalization (normalisation) and disciplinary gaze. The standardization of the female body in the consumer culture liberates the bondage and shelter of the body to a certain extent. It brings freedom to the exposure and communication of the body, and leads to the rebirth of the body. The third section discusses the various questions, exploration and interpretation of Feminism on the body theory of postmodern consumption culture. They do not pay attention to the re discovery of the female body which is not constructed by the patriarchal discourse, but admit the pluralism and mobility of the body in various discourses, and believe that the unified body image is stable. This body theory, though far from the political practice of feminism, provides a valuable and pluralistic perspective, which makes all the single norms blurred, thus making the culture diversified and the body discussion pluralistic.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I0-05

【引证文献】