译者主体性在严复《天演论》译文中的体现

发布时间：2018-07-02 12:05

本文选题：严复 + 《天演论》　；参考：《华中师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 翻译作为一种社会实践活动，在人类各民族的文化交流中发挥着重要的桥梁和纽带作用。作为翻译的主体，译者自然也应该享有其应有的地位。然而，在传统的翻译理论和实践中，译者往往处于很尴尬的位置，其主体性在翻译中的重要作用往往被忽视。只是到了上世纪末，在文化-意义多元化的语境中，译者的主体地位才逐渐为人们所认识。严复翻译的《天演论》在中国思想史、文学史和翻译史上都享有很高的地位和研究价值。国内外关于严复及其翻译的研究一直非常热烈：思想家研究他的政治思想和哲学对近现代中国的巨大影响；文学批评家研究《天演论》的优美雄辩、布局谋篇和古雅的文风；翻译研究者研究他提出的“信、达、雅”翻译标准，尤其对于其译作《天演论》的翻译研究可谓由来已久，成果颇丰。然而翻译界对《天演论》的研究多限于其翻译方法，，以及其提倡的“信、达、雅”的评估等技术层面的问题。近年来有学者从新的角度(如改写的角度)对严复的翻译进行研究，但仍缺乏全面性和系统性。有鉴于此，本文另辟蹊径，借助Bassnett Lefevere的翻译改写理论，从文化-功能的角度论述了译者主体性的特征和限制译者主体性发挥的因素，通过研究严复翻译《天演论》的社会历史背景和严复本人的社会体验，探讨译者在其《天演论》的翻译中如何通过改写的方式在语言、形象和文化-意识形态等三个层面体现了译者的主体性，并探讨这种主体性如何受到诗学、社会-意识形态和译者翻译目的的制约。文章认为，译文必定体现译者的主体性，译者的主体性受社会现状、历史沉积、意识形态和国家地位的影响，同时也取决于译者的社会道德价值取向和文化素养。论文通过对大量实例的分析提出，严复的译文尽管在字、词、句、篇等层面上与原文比较有一些不“信”，甚至改变了原文作者的某些观点，但是他在整体上对原文的处理和把握是准确的；更重要的是，经过他处理的文本主题更符合当时中国社会的需要，也更适合当时的中国读者，尤其是维新派、资产阶级的思想先锋、文化主流和新民主主义的政治领袖。而且，严复使用了士大夫阶层喜爱的桐城派文体，成功地将新颖而难懂的进化理论以优美典雅的语言明白晓畅地传达给了他的读者，一定程度上实现了他以教化人民来富强祖国的理想。正是在这一意义上，严复将其译者主体性的作用发挥到了极致。本文由以下五个章节组成。第一章为引言，扼要介绍本文主题、研究背景、研究意义及文章框架结构。第二章是论文的理论基础，阐释了Bassnett Lefevere的改写理论，并重点讨论了影响改写的三大限制因素和翻译目的对改写的影响。文章认为，诗学、赞助人和意识形态等因素以及翻译的目对都会对改写产生影响，从而必然使译者的主体性在翻译中得到体现。第四章是文章的主体，从语言层面、形象层面和文化-意识形态层面讨论了译者主体性在《天演论》中的体现。基于文化-功能的视角，文章提出，严复的改写主要是基于诗学和社会-文化因素，旨在实现其教化人民、富强祖国的翻译目的。第五章对全文的内容进行了小节。
[Abstract]:As a social practice, translation plays an important bridge and link in the cultural communication of all ethnic groups. As the subject of translation, the translator should also enjoy its proper position. However, in the traditional translation theory and practice, the translator is often in a very awkward position and its subjectivity plays an important role in Translation. It is often neglected. At the end of the last century, in the context of cultural meaning diversity, the translator's main body status was gradually recognized by people.
The theory of "sky performance", translated by Yan Fu, enjoys high status and research value in the history of Chinese thought, literature and translation. The research on Yan Fu and his translation has been very warm at home and abroad: thinkers study the great influence of his political thoughts and philosophies on Modern China; the beautiful eloquence of the literary critics study the theory of heaven. The translation researchers studied the translation standards of "faith, DA and elegance", which he proposed, especially for the translation study of his translation, "Tian Yan theory", which had a long history and fruitful achievements. However, the translation study was mostly confined to its translation methods, as well as the technical level of "faith, Da, elegance", and so on. In recent years, some scholars have studied Yan Fu's translation from a new perspective, such as rewriting, but still lack comprehensiveness and systematicness.
In view of this, this paper, with the help of the translation and rewriting theory of Bassnett Lefevere, discusses the characteristics of the translator's subjectivity and the factors that restrict the subjectivity of the translator from the perspective of culture and function. Through the study of the social and historical background of Yan Fu's translation of the sky performance theory and the social experience of Yan Fu himself, the translator explores the translator in his theory of heaven. In the translation, how to reflect the translator's subjectivity in three aspects, such as language, image and culture - ideology, and how the subjectivity is restricted by the poetics, society - ideology and the translator's translation purpose. The influence of deposition, ideology and state status depends on the social moral values and cultural qualities of the translator. By analyzing a large number of examples, Yan Fu's translation has not been "trusted" with the original in words, words, sentences and texts, and even changed some of the original author's views. On the whole, the processing and grasp of the original text is accurate; more importantly, the text subject to the text he deals with is more in line with the needs of the Chinese society at that time, and is more suitable for the Chinese readers at that time, especially the reformers, the bourgeois ideological vanguard, the cultural mainstream and the new democratic political leaders. Moreover, Yan Fu used the scholar bureaucrat class. The favorite style of Tongcheng school has successfully conveyed the novel and unintelligible evolutionary theory to his readers with elegant and elegant language. To some extent, he realized his ideal of enlightening the people to enrich the motherland. In this sense, Yan Fu played the role of the translator's subjectivity to the extreme.
This article is composed of the following five chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, which briefly introduces the theme, background, significance and frame structure of this article. The second chapter is the theoretical basis of the thesis, interprets the rewriting theory of Bassnett Lefevere, and focuses on the influence of the three limit system on rewriting and the influence of translation purposes on rewriting. The fourth chapter is the main body of the article and the embodiment of the subjectivity of the translator from the language level, the image level and the cultural and ideological level. From the angle of view, the article puts forward that Yan Fu's rewriting is mainly based on the poetics and social cultural factors, which aims to realize the translation of the people and the rich and strong motherland. The fifth chapter makes a small section on the content of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I046;H059

【引证文献】