媚俗：大众文化研究的关键词考察

发布时间：2018-09-13 08:47

【摘要】： “媚俗”(kitsch)是一个经常出现在当代文化批评与文化研究中的“关键词”(key word),一般是作为贬义词来使用的。在中国,媚俗成为文化批评的重要术语进入公众视野是在二十世纪八十年代末,它的高频使用并迅速流行则是在九十年代,随着消费文化的兴起而滥觞。通过对这个关键词内在涵义的考察,我们可以一窥当代中国文化思潮的变迁,特别是批评界对中国大众文化的暖昧态度及其内在原因。本文主要从四个角度对“媚俗”一词进行分析:一是从辞源学角度追溯该词在中西语言中的基本含义和用法,梳理其意义的演变过程,并辨析当前文化批评界对这个词的不同使用,论证文化批评关键词与社会实现之间的紧密联系和相互作用。二是追溯媚俗现象的缘起,厘清媚俗现象与现代性尤其是浪漫主义的关系。三是论证媚俗现象出现的合理性和必然性,深入理解该词的复杂性,避免简单的“贬义化”态度。四是总结媚俗一词对于我们认识大众文化的意义和价值,以及这个词对当下文化研究、文化批评的启示。具体来说,本文主要从以下几个方面来展开论述: 一、对“媚俗”的一般理解是指审美或作品的坏趣味、缺乏品位。但考察该词的中西词源,可以看到其含义颇为复杂,指涉甚广。因此,需要对该词的中西词源加以追溯,从而才能了解该词在当下的具体用法及问题。二、媚俗现象的出现与德国浪漫主义紧密相关,应该说,从它的产生就和大众文化结下了不解之缘。三、媚俗是大众文化的本质,二者的联系是有机的,从某种意义上说,理解了媚俗,也就理解了大众文化。媚俗现象与现代大众社会的出现密切相关,必须辨清媚俗现象的社会的和心理的成因。四、不同于习以为常的对于媚俗的批判和否定态度,其实一直还有另外一种声音,这种声音认为,对于社会发展和人类需要来说,媚俗有其合理性和必然性。尤其在后现代社会,当后现代主义对高雅文化和大众文化界限的加以了消融之后,使得我们对媚俗文化的批评常常陷入一种两难。这也使我们有机会对“媚俗”一词有了更多的了解和更深入的思考。五、进一步,通过对媚俗的这两种态度和判断的辨证分析,我们可以清晰地看到媚俗的悖论和媚俗的自反性问题。而这种矛盾有利于我们辩证地思考大众文化的价值和不足,也有利于我们认识该词对中国当下的文化研究、文化批评的意义。本文主要循着雷蒙·威廉斯的方法,对文化研究和批评的关键词进行梳理和研究。概念、术语是批评和研究的基石,尤其是对于具有强烈的批判性和实践性品格的文化研究来说更是意义重大,下工夫厘清大众文化研究中的关键概念应该说是大众文化研究的基础,这也许也正是本文的方法论意义所在。
[Abstract]:"kitsch" (kitsch) is a "key word" that is often used in contemporary cultural criticism and cultural studies. (key word), is generally used as a derogatory term. In China, kitsch became an important term of cultural criticism came into public view in the late 1980s, its high frequency use and rapid popularity in the 1990s, with the rise of consumer culture and began. Through the study of the inner meaning of this key word, we can have a glimpse of the change of contemporary Chinese cultural trend of thought, especially the negative attitude of critics towards Chinese popular culture and its internal reasons. This paper mainly analyzes the word "kitsch" from four angles: first, it traces the basic meaning and usage of the word in Chinese and Western languages from the perspective of etymology, and combs the evolution of its meaning. It also analyzes the different use of the word in the current cultural criticism, and demonstrates the close relationship and interaction between the key words of cultural criticism and social realization. Second, trace the origin of kitsch phenomenon and clarify the relationship between kitsch phenomenon and modernity, especially romanticism. The third is to demonstrate the rationality and inevitability of the phenomenon of kitsch, to understand the complexity of the word, and to avoid a simple "derogatory" attitude. The fourth is to summarize the significance and value of the word kitsch to our understanding of popular culture, as well as its enlightenment to the study of contemporary culture and cultural criticism. Specifically, this paper mainly discusses the following aspects: first, the general understanding of "kitsch" refers to the aesthetic or the work of bad taste, lack of taste. However, by examining the etymology of the word, we can see that its meaning is quite complex and refers to a wide range. Therefore, it is necessary to trace the Chinese and western etymology of the word in order to understand its specific usage and problems. Secondly, the phenomenon of kitsch is closely related to German Romanticism. Third, kitsch is the essence of popular culture, and the relationship between them is organic. In a sense, understanding kitsch means understanding popular culture. The phenomenon of kitsch is closely related to the emergence of modern mass society. Fourth, different from the usual attitude of criticism and negation of kitsch, there has always been another voice, which holds that kitsch has its rationality and inevitability for the development of society and the needs of human beings. Especially in the post-modern society, when postmodernism melts the boundaries of elegant culture and popular culture, our criticism of vulgar culture is often caught in a dilemma. This also gives us an opportunity to have a better understanding of the word "kitsch" and to think more deeply about it. Fifthly, through the dialectical analysis of the two attitudes and judgments of kitsch, we can clearly see the paradox of kitsch and the reflexivity of kitsch. This contradiction helps us to think dialectically about the value and deficiency of popular culture, and also helps us to understand the significance of the word to the cultural research and cultural criticism in China. Based on Raymond Williams' method, this paper combs and studies the key words of cultural research and criticism. Concepts, terms are the cornerstone of criticism and research, especially for cultural studies with strong critical and practical qualities, To clarify the key concepts in the study of popular culture should be said to be the basis of the study of popular culture, which may be the methodological significance of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I06

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