《文心雕龙》与英美新批评异同比较举隅
发布时间：2019-05-17 04:00
【摘要】： 《文心雕龙》和英美新批评在中西文论史上占有相当重要的地位,它们对文学规律的挖掘是比较诗学研究理应重视的问题之一。而比较诗学研究的目标则是一般诗学(总体诗学),所以本文研究的目的正是通过比较诗学的个案研究为构建一般诗学添砖加瓦。“新批评”是一种独特的形式主义文论,它对文本形式的关注使之区别于西方传统文论,而这种对传统文论的叛离提醒人们把注意力集中在“文学性”上。另一方面,说它“独特”,也是因为它还区别于那些为艺术而艺术的形式主义文论(如象征主义、俄国形式主义等)。《文心雕龙》中的文学观念远比新批评丰富,但就探讨文学性而言,双方看法实有共通之处。需要指出的是,本文对此问题的研究,重点不是放在术语(如张力、反讽、悖论、肌质等)的一一对应之上,因为这种比较容易陷入生拉活扯的尴尬处境。笔者注意到,无论新批评的术语如何繁杂,如果把它们总体上归结为批评标准和批评方法的范畴来从事“文学性”的研究,言说的空间和自由性就广阔得多。本文正是在这一前提下以举隅或略论的方式展开论述的。就批评标准而言,本文列举了“含混”与“隐”,“外部权威”与“拟容取心”,“内容与形式有机统一论”等几个部分进行讨论;而批评方法上,则重在讨论《文心雕龙》“六观说”与新批评文本“细读法”的联系。理论比较之后的可操作性问题是验证比较诗学合理性的重要环节,而本文所引证的黄维j先生对白先勇小说《骨灰》的分析，以及新批评代表人物雷纳·韦勒克、克林斯·布鲁克斯对莎士比亚诗句的理解,均是可操作性问题的绝佳例证。在寻求共同“诗心”的同时,我们还需注意中西文论的“异质性”问题。《文心雕龙》与新批评对文学的看法还存在相当大的不同,如作家在文学作品中的地位和作用,文学的社会功用,文学批评标准问题等都在文中有不同程度的探讨。另外,在以《文心雕龙》为主要探讨对象的同时,还梳理了中国古代文论对相关问题的诠释,它对我们加深理解《文心雕龙》和英美新批评的异同起到了辅助性作用。那么,这一差别原因何在?应该说,东西文化“模子”的迥异是产生区别的深层原因。西方自柏拉图以降的二元理论促使西方批评家以分析见长,所以对文学要素的划分泾渭分明;反观中国,孔子和道家尽管文学观念大异其趣,但他们都强调综合观念,所以中国古代文论家总把文学要素看成有机统一的整体。总之,把握中西文论的异同,才能客观地、有的放矢地研讨比较诗学问题,偏废一隅将得不偿失。
[Abstract]:Wen Xin Diao long and Anglo-American New criticism play a very important role in the history of Chinese and Western literary theory. Their excavation of literary laws is one of the issues that should be paid attention to in the study of comparative poetics. The goal of comparative poetics is general poetics (general poetics), so the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the construction of general poetics through the case study of comparative poetics. "New criticism" is a unique formalism literary theory, its attention to the text form makes it different from the western traditional literary theory, and this kind of treason to the traditional literary theory reminds people to focus on "literariness". On the other hand, it is said that it is "unique" because it is also different from formalistic literary theory (such as symbolism, Russian formalism, etc.). The literary ideas in Wen Xin Diao long are far richer than the new criticism. However, as far as the discussion of literariness is concerned, the views of the two sides have something in common. It should be pointed out that the focus of this study is not on the one-to-one correspondence of terms (such as tension, irony, paradox, muscle quality, etc.), because it is easier to fall into the awkward position of living. The author notes that no matter how complicated the terms of new criticism are, if they are summed up as the scope of criticism criteria and methods to carry out the study of "literariness", the space and freedom of speech will be much broader. It is under this premise that this paper is discussed in an example or in a brief way. As far as the standard of criticism is concerned, this paper enumerates the discussion of "ambiguity" and "concealment", "external authority" and "quasi-tolerance", "organic unity of content and form" and so on. On the other hand, the critical method focuses on the relationship between the theory of "six views" in Wen Xin Diao long and the new critical text "detailed reading". The maneuverability after the theoretical comparison is an important link to verify the rationality of comparative poetics, and the analysis of Bai Xianyong's novel "Bone Ash" by Mr. Huang Weijou cited in this paper, as well as the representative figure of the new criticism, Reina Wellek, is an important link to verify the rationality of comparative poetics. Klines Brooks's understanding of Shakespeare's verses is an excellent example of maneuverability. While seeking common "poetic hearts", we should also pay attention to the "heterogeneity" of Chinese and Western literary theories. There are still quite different views on literature between Wen Xin Diao long and the new criticism, such as the position and role of writers in literary works. The social function of literature and the standard of literary criticism are discussed in different degrees. In addition, while taking Wen Xin Diao long as the main object of discussion, it also combs the interpretation of related issues in ancient Chinese literary theory, which plays an auxiliary role in deepening our understanding of the similarities and differences between Wen Xin Diao long and Anglo-American new criticism. So, what is the reason for this difference? It should be said that the different models of East and West culture are the deep reasons for the differences. The dualistic theory of Plato in the West urges western critics to be good at analysis, so the division of literary elements is clear. On the other hand, although Confucius and Taoism have very different literary ideas, they all emphasize the comprehensive concept, so the ancient Chinese literary theorists always regarded the literary elements as an organic and unified whole. In a word, only by grasping the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western literary theories can we objectively and purposefully discuss the problem of comparative poetics, and it will not be worth the loss to abandon a corner.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I106;I0-03
本文编号：2478785
[Abstract]:Wen Xin Diao long and Anglo-American New criticism play a very important role in the history of Chinese and Western literary theory. Their excavation of literary laws is one of the issues that should be paid attention to in the study of comparative poetics. The goal of comparative poetics is general poetics (general poetics), so the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the construction of general poetics through the case study of comparative poetics. "New criticism" is a unique formalism literary theory, its attention to the text form makes it different from the western traditional literary theory, and this kind of treason to the traditional literary theory reminds people to focus on "literariness". On the other hand, it is said that it is "unique" because it is also different from formalistic literary theory (such as symbolism, Russian formalism, etc.). The literary ideas in Wen Xin Diao long are far richer than the new criticism. However, as far as the discussion of literariness is concerned, the views of the two sides have something in common. It should be pointed out that the focus of this study is not on the one-to-one correspondence of terms (such as tension, irony, paradox, muscle quality, etc.), because it is easier to fall into the awkward position of living. The author notes that no matter how complicated the terms of new criticism are, if they are summed up as the scope of criticism criteria and methods to carry out the study of "literariness", the space and freedom of speech will be much broader. It is under this premise that this paper is discussed in an example or in a brief way. As far as the standard of criticism is concerned, this paper enumerates the discussion of "ambiguity" and "concealment", "external authority" and "quasi-tolerance", "organic unity of content and form" and so on. On the other hand, the critical method focuses on the relationship between the theory of "six views" in Wen Xin Diao long and the new critical text "detailed reading". The maneuverability after the theoretical comparison is an important link to verify the rationality of comparative poetics, and the analysis of Bai Xianyong's novel "Bone Ash" by Mr. Huang Weijou cited in this paper, as well as the representative figure of the new criticism, Reina Wellek, is an important link to verify the rationality of comparative poetics. Klines Brooks's understanding of Shakespeare's verses is an excellent example of maneuverability. While seeking common "poetic hearts", we should also pay attention to the "heterogeneity" of Chinese and Western literary theories. There are still quite different views on literature between Wen Xin Diao long and the new criticism, such as the position and role of writers in literary works. The social function of literature and the standard of literary criticism are discussed in different degrees. In addition, while taking Wen Xin Diao long as the main object of discussion, it also combs the interpretation of related issues in ancient Chinese literary theory, which plays an auxiliary role in deepening our understanding of the similarities and differences between Wen Xin Diao long and Anglo-American new criticism. So, what is the reason for this difference? It should be said that the different models of East and West culture are the deep reasons for the differences. The dualistic theory of Plato in the West urges western critics to be good at analysis, so the division of literary elements is clear. On the other hand, although Confucius and Taoism have very different literary ideas, they all emphasize the comprehensive concept, so the ancient Chinese literary theorists always regarded the literary elements as an organic and unified whole. In a word, only by grasping the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western literary theories can we objectively and purposefully discuss the problem of comparative poetics, and it will not be worth the loss to abandon a corner.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I106;I0-03
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 孙红红;“新批评”理论在中国的传播研究[D];沈阳师范大学;2013年
，本文编号：2478785
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