论解构主义的哲学与文学观及其影响

发布时间：2019-08-17 16:05

【摘要】：作为后现代哲学的两个主要代表人物之一,德里达在1968年"五月风暴"前即已批评、质疑结构主义,就已经有着明确的非中心化的思想,由此,他发展出了另一种表述方式:以异质性为中心,而以"他者"与"延异"这两个概念纵横交织出了解构思想。然而,在其晚年,他又与"他者"与"延异"这两个概念拉开了一定的距离。德里达的文学观有五个要点:文学具有讲述一切的自由;文学应浓缩历史,包容一切;对"延异"概念内涵作了重要调整的阅读法;否认文学性;作品是一种建制,它形成自己的读者。解构思想在美国形成了解构主义文学批评,这一批评以颠覆文本与批评者的确定性为其特点与目标,而其结果则是解析变成了瘫痪。黑人文学批评与女性文学批评都受到了解构主义的影响,其实际作用是解构了从差异中形成却又凝固起来的那个统一的黑人或女人主体概念。这是解构主义批评观的一种特定的体现。虽然揭示事物及其概念内部复杂的异质性、流动性是重要的,但一定程度地承认其统一性与稳定性也不可缺少。
[Abstract]:As one of the two main representatives of postmodern philosophy, Derrida criticized and questioned structuralism before the storm of May 1968. As a result, he developed another way of expression: heterogeneity as the center, and the two concepts of "other" and "extension" intertwined with the idea of understanding and structure. However, in his later years, he opened a certain distance from the concepts of "the other" and "extension". Derrida's literary view has five main points: literature has the freedom to tell everything; literature should concentrate history and contain everything; it has made an important adjustment to the connotation of the concept of "extension"; it denies literariness; and the work is a kind of system, which forms its own readers. In the United States, the thought of deconstructionism forms the literary criticism of understanding and structuralism, which is characterized by subverting the certainty of the text and the critic, and the result is that the analysis becomes paralyzed. Both black literary criticism and female literary criticism are influenced by understanding structuralism, and their practical function is to deconstruct the unified concept of black or female subject, which is formed from the difference but solidified. This is a specific embodiment of Deconstructurist criticism. Although it is important to reveal the complex heterogeneity within things and their concepts, it is indispensable to recognize their unity and stability to a certain extent.
【作者单位】：苏州大学文学院;
【分类号】：I0-02

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