《江格尔》与荷马史诗自然观之比较

发布时间：2018-02-23 13:11

本文关键词： 江格尔荷马史诗自然观文化模式　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 《江格尔》与荷马史诗分别是中国和欧洲的两部伟大史诗。本文主要通过对产生在蒙古族和希腊两个不同文化区域内的史诗进行比较性分析,来探索史诗作为人类早期文本的特质,借此揭示蒙古和希腊两个民族文学不同的审美走向。在跨文化的视野中,着重从两部史诗所体现的自然观的角度,解读史诗所蕴藏的文化差异和文化特质。正文主要从四个方面对论题进行阐释:(一)自然观是指人们对自然界的总的看法。对宇宙的想象,便是人类最初对自然的认识。《江格尔》与荷马史诗虽然在形成时间上有较大差距,但其赖以产生的时代特征、社会环境等历史条件都有很多共同点,它们所反映的价值观念与审美意识也有不少相似之处,尤其是在宇宙结构观念方面表现出很大程度的共同性。在两部史诗的世界里,宇宙分为上中下三界,三界之间相互关联。《江格尔》和荷马史诗在试图描述本部族历史的时候,都把这种上、中、下三界的宇宙结构观念融合其中,让我们看到了东西方不同地域、不同年代的民族极为相似的宇宙结构观,从中透视出他们在生活观念及思维方式上的相似之处。(二)在两部史诗中,动物形象非常之多也非常耀眼:野兽、家畜、飞鸟、昆虫等等。各种各样、形形色色的动物形象充斥在史诗的每一个角落。《江格尔》中作者饱蘸深情的浓墨抒发了蒙古人对马真挚而又深刻的感情。荷马史诗在描写动物时用得最多的手法便是明喻。喻体都是动物,而且是与人类的生活和活动密切相关的,本体则有残酷的生存、血腥的战争、人的尊严与伟大、生的荣耀、死的悲壮等等。通过这种手法表现出了古代希腊人渴望和向往人与自然的和谐与美好。(三)两部史诗中还有大量自然环境的描写。两个民族虽所处的时代与地域不同,但他们与大海、雪山、草地、旷野、戈壁为伴,和睦相处,与自然界构成了一幅豪迈、雄浑、壮阔、崇高的气势,而这种磅礴气势又培育了蒙古族与希腊人民宽阔的胸怀和豪爽的气质。在他们看来,高山是神圣的、崇高的,草地旷野是神明的圣地,海洋是万物生命的源泉,这一切都成为两个民族所崇拜和歌颂的对象。自然的崇高和神圣,也就具有了社会意义,寄托着人们所追求的那种道德的崇高。(四)造成两部史诗自然观的不同有很多原因,最重要的是其民族精神内涵的不同。这种民族精神乃至民族灵魂所折射出来的文化模式也是不尽相同的。结语部分进行总结性概括,并进一步说明对分属不同的文化区域内的史诗作品进行比较性的研究,不仅有助于揭示古代人类思想观念的演变轨迹和各民族文化内在精神的形成历程,而且也能够为陷入理性与文明危机的现代人提供精神治疗和文化拯救的可能。
[Abstract]:< > Janggar and Homer are the two great epics Chinese and Europe. This paper mainly through the comparative analysis of the Mongolian and Greek two different culture in the region to explore the epic, epic as early human text characteristics, to reveal Mongolia and Greece in two different ethnic literature aesthetic go. In a cross cultural perspective, mainly reflected from the two epic natural view, which interpret epic cultural differences and cultural traits.
The text mainly from the four aspects of interpretation on the topic: (a) natural view refers to the general view of the nature of the universe. The imagination is the first human understanding of nature. Jangar > and Homa epic although there is a large gap in formation time, but its historical characteristics which created the society the environment and historical conditions have much in common, values and aesthetic consciousness reflected by them also have many similarities, especially show common largely in the structure of the universe concept. In the two epic world, the universe is divided into three, three between Jangar > and interrelated. Homa's trying to describe this tribal history, all this, in the structure of the universe under the concept of three of the integration of them, let us see something different in different ethnic regions, very similar structure in the view of the universe From the perspective, their life concept and the way of thinking of the similarities in. (two) in the two epic poems, the image of the animal is very much also very bright: wild animals, livestock, birds, insects and so on. All kinds of animal images, of every hue filled in every corner of the epic Jangar >. The author makes magic of loving to express the sincere and profound of Mongolian horse feelings. Homer in the description of the animal when the most used technique is a simile. Metaphor is the animal, and is closely related to human life and activities, is a cruel living body, bloody war, man with great dignity, the glory, the tragic death and so on. Through this technique to show the ancient Greeks desire and longing of man and the harmony and beauty of nature. (three) there are a lot of natural environment description in two epics. Two although the age and ethnic In different regions, but they and the sea, mountains, grassland, desert, Gobi and live together in peace together with nature, form a heroic, magnificent, magnificent, majestic momentum, and this majestic momentum and cultivation of Mongolian and Greek people broad-minded and generous temperament. In their opinion, the mountain is sacred that noble, grassland wilderness is God's holy land, sea is the source of all life, all these have become the two nation worship and praise. Natural lofty and sacred, also is the social significance, entrusted with the people to pursue the kind of moral lofty. (four) caused by the two epic the different view of nature for many reasons, the most important is the connotation of national spirit. This is reflected in different ethnic and national spirit of the soul culture mode is not the same.
The conclusion part makes a summary, and further study comparing cultural area of different in the epic, the forming process has not only help to reveal the evolution of the ancient concept of human thought and the culture of inner spirit, but also can provide spiritual and cultural treatment may save for the modern people into rational with the civilization crisis.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I106;I0-03

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