刘勰与梅洛—庞蒂诗学的心物关系结构论比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 07:09

本文选题：刘勰　切入点：梅洛-庞蒂　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：心物关系,即主观意识如何认识外在世界的问题。"心"和"物"的关系从根本上说就是主体与对象的结构关系。中西方对"心"和"物"关系结构的讨论由来已久。古典时代的中国,早在上古就产生了朴素的"物感"理论;古希腊时代,先哲们就已经开始关注宇宙的形成与外在的自然世界。魏晋南北朝时期,刘勰在其《文心雕龙》中逐渐形成了成熟的"物感"理论系统,作为"主体"的"心"因触"物"而兴情,在心物联动中实现心物交融。法国现象学家梅洛-庞蒂继承和改造了胡塞尔的"先验现象学",提出了以"身体-主体"为核心的"知觉现象学",颠覆了自笛卡尔以降的身心二元论,将"身体-主体"和"生活世界"看成具有同质性的"肉",实现审美结构中主体与对象平等地交流,进而实现心物统一。本文以中国魏晋南北朝时期著名的文论思想家刘勰和当代法国现象学思想家梅洛-庞蒂诗学的心物关系结构作为具体的研究对象,勾勒出一个"一体四翼"的心物关系结构比较的体系。"一体"是"心物关系结构"这一研究问题的核心,"四翼"是指"范畴结构"、"思维结构"、"体系结构"、"话语结构"等具体的维度。论文由五章构成,总体上可以分为三个部分,即问题篇、宏观结构篇、微观结构篇。绪论部分交代了问题的缘起,对本文选题的原因作了理论上的说明,对本文的研究对象作了介绍,然后在比较诗学的角度界定和规范了研究范围。其次介绍了国内外关于刘勰与梅洛庞蒂诗学研究的现状,最后阐述了本文的研究思路、方法和意义。第一章"心物关系结构论"是问题篇,即所谓的"一体",是整个比较框架的核心总览,界定了"诗学心物关系结构"的概念和刘勰与梅洛-庞蒂诗学心物关系结构论的基本内涵,对比较对象主体得以展开对话的逻辑上的可行性与学理上的可操作性进行了梳理和说明,同时对比较标准的合理性进行了评估。第二、三章是宏观结构篇。第二章范畴结构是在中西方哲学、诗学历史中梳理诗学心物关系结构中的"心"、"物"、"心物关系"的历史演变、表现方式、基本内涵和诗学形态,架构宏观的范畴概念的历史发展体系。第三章则深入到范畴结构表现的深层的文化思维差异中并将思维结构分为"本源性"和"实用性"两类。本源性思维结构即入思方式,是根深蒂固的文化思维层面,是"不变的"本质性内容;实用性思维结构是"物感"诗学和"知觉"诗学的具体的思维方法和程序路径,是"可变"的内容。第四、五章是微观结构篇。第四章体系结构将心物关系结构纳入到美学的维度中去探讨,共分三节,即"审美对象的存在方式"、"审美活动的过程结构"、"审美理想的终极指归"。从这三个方面建立起一个纵向的心物关系结构的诗学体系,在"物感"与"知觉"的基本理论点的对比言说中发掘各自的精神实质,探寻刘勰和梅洛-庞蒂心物关系结构实现的具体路径。第五章"心物关系的话语结构",选择了三对话语范畴进行对比研究,包括"心物应答"和"可逆性"、"审美意象"和"肉身化"、"神与物游"和"含混性"。三对话语范畴在相互对话和言说中寻找互补性,促进诗学的共同发展;在比较和阐释中找到互证性,展现相互融合的契约点;在不可通约的民族性话语中找到互鉴性,探寻各自民族诗学的独特密码。从比较的视野来看,梅洛-庞蒂和刘勰心物关系结构的可通约之处在于主体与对象的结构都指向一种超越主客对立、达到主体间性的超越关系模式。刘勰处于古典时代,其认识论还处于自然主义的审美阶段,梅洛-庞蒂的"知觉现象学"则是对西方近现代意识哲学、主体性美学的反拨,主张寻回到原点,这在某种程度上与刘勰的"物感"理论相遇,这种相遇是美学、诗学在古今中外维度四方对话的彰显。在差异、融合、转换的对话中进行比较的学理分析,在"一体四翼"的框架中对研究对象进行互证、互鉴、互补的比较研究中,将为促进中国传统诗学的现代化转型和中华民族诗学的现代化建构提供可能。
[Abstract]:The relationship between mind and matter, that is how to recognize the subjective consciousness of the problem in the outside world. Relationship between "heart" and "object" structure is the relationship of subject and object from the root. The discussion of "heart" and "object" in the West. The relationship between the structure of the long-standing classical China, as early as in the ancient produces the plain "the matter" theory; the time of ancient Greece, philosophers have focused on the formation of the universe and the nature world. During Wei and Jin Dynasties, Liu Xie in the < > in Dragon carving and the literary mind gradually formed a mature theoretical system, "the sense of things" as the "main body" and "heart" by touching the "material" Xing, the heart of heart linkage. Blend in the French phenomenologist Melo Ponty inherited and transformed Husserl's "transcendental phenomenology", put forward a "body" as the core of the "phenomenology of perception", subversion since Descartes dualism, the body subject "and" life world " A homogeneous "meat", realize the aesthetic subject and object structure in equal exchange, so as to realize the unity of spirit and matter. In this paper, China in Wei and Jin Dynasties famous literary thinker Liu Xie and contemporary French thinker Melo Ponty phenomenological poetics structure of the relationship between mind and matter as the research object, draw the outline of a "one of the four wing" the relationship between mind and matter structure system. The one is the core of the research on the relationship between mind and matter structure "," four wings "refers to the category of" structure "," thinking structure "," architecture "," dimension of discourse structure ". The specific is composed of five chapters, in general can be divided into three parts, namely, macro structure, micro structure. The introduction part introduces the origin of problem, the reason of this topic makes a theoretical explanation on the research object of this paper are introduced, and then defined in the perspective of Comparative Poetics And standardize the scope of the study. Secondly, the status quo at home and abroad about Liu Xie and Melo Ponty poetics research, finally elaborated the research ideas, methods and significance. The first chapter "the relationship between mind and matter structure theory is a problem, the so-called" one "is the core of the comparative framework overview, define" the basic connotation of the relationship between the structure relationship between the structure of the concept of poetic heart "and Liu Xie and Melo - Ponty poetic mind and material, the feasibility of comparative subject dialogue to logic and science operation theory has combed and explained, and the rationality of the standard of evaluation. The second, third chapter is the macro structure. The second chapter is the category structure in western philosophy, combing the heart of poetics in the history of the relationship between the poetic structure of the" heart "," object "," the relationship between mind and matter "in the history of evolution, form, connotation and poetics, macro architecture The category of the concept of historical development of the system. The third chapter into the category structure of the deep cultural differences in thinking and thinking structure is divided into "origin" and "practical" two categories. The origin of thinking structure and ways of thought, is the ingrained culture of thinking, is a "constant" nature content; practical thinking structure is "concrete thinking method and program path sense of things" poetics and Poetics "perception", "variable". The fourth, fifth chapter is the micro structure. The fourth chapter will structure the relationship between mind and matter structure into the aesthetic dimensions to explore, is divided into three sections. "Aesthetic object existence", "structure" of aesthetic activities, "the ultimate intention of" aesthetic ideal. To establish a longitudinal relationship between mind and matter structure poetics system from these three aspects, in the "basic theory of comparative discourse point sense" and "awareness" in the excavation The essence of self, to explore the specific path of Liu Xie and Melo Ponty the relationship between mind and matter structure. The fifth chapter is "the relationship between mind and matter of the discourse structure, choose three of discourse category of comparative studies, including" heart response "and" reversible "," aesthetic "and" flesh "" with things, "and" ambiguity ". On the three discourse category in the dialogue and speech for complementary, promote common development of poetics; find each card in comparison and explanation, show the contract point of mutual fusion; find the incommensurability of national discourse in mutual learning, unique password to explore their own national poetics. From a comparative perspective, Melo Ponty and Liu Xiexin. The relationship between the structure of the special structure lies in the subject and object to a subject object relationship model beyond, beyond the reach of intersubjectivity. Liu Xie in the classical era, its epistemology is still in The aesthetic stage of naturalism, Melo Ponty "phenomenology of perception" is the modern western philosophy of consciousness, washback subjectivity aesthetics, advocating the "back to the origin, and Liu Xie in a certain extent, the sense of things" theory to meet, this meeting is in the highlight of this ancient aesthetics, poetics and four dimensions the differences in the dialogue. Dialogue, integration, transformation of the theory of comparative analysis, in the framework of "one of the four wing" on the research object for each card, mutual complementary, comparison research, will promote the transformation of traditional poetics Chinese modernization and the modern construction of the national poetics possible.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I0-03

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