症候、症候式阅读与文学批评

发布时间：2018-05-08 18:06

本文选题：症候 + 症候式阅读　；参考：《华中师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 阿尔都塞在《读＜资本论＞》中提出了“症候式阅读”这一具有创新性和革命性的阅读方法和文本解读理论,这一方法在科学解读马克思思想过程中发挥了巨大作用,也对文学批评产生了重要影响。缘于阿尔都塞“症候式阅读”对精神分析学相关概念的借鉴和吸收,目前的文学研究领域对于“症候式阅读”的概念使用存在着混乱的现象,往往将之与精神分析学的心理批评混为一谈,从而遮蔽了阿尔都塞理论的准确内涵,影响了对之的深层阐释和吸收借鉴。本论文旨在对“症候式阅读”理论做一番追根溯源的梳理,挖掘它的原初内涵,追踪它在文学论域中的迁变,考证其适用性,以澄清目前国内学术界对这一理论的混用状态,以资将这一思想整合梳理,更好地运用于文学批评领域。本文共分引言、主体、结语三部分。引言部分是对本文所论述问题的介绍,指出之所以要对“症候式阅读”进行考察其源流变迁的必要性,重在说明“症候式阅读”作为一种文学解读方法的价值所在。论文主体部分共分五章。第一章“弗洛伊德对‘症候'的论述”力图阐释清楚弗洛伊德提出的“症候”概念,因为阿尔都塞从弗洛伊德那里借鉴了这个概念,虽从字面上显示出了渊源所自,但内涵却已发生很大改变,这恰恰成为“症候式阅读”遭到误读的根源所在。通过对症候的本质、症候的形成条件及意义揭示它作为一种被压抑的无意识欲望的替代和表征的涵义。第二章“拉康的语言无意识和症候”重在阐释拉康赋予语言维度的无意识及作为其表征的症候。无意识是语言的产物又具有语言的结构,症候在拉康这里成为一种语言的能指和无意识的隐喻,正是能指间的替代和无限运动产生了意义。第三章“阿尔都塞的总问题‘症候式阅读'”旨在深入阐述阿尔都塞的“症候式阅读”的理论内涵。“症候式阅读”要求从文本的空白、沉默和断裂等症候入手,找出隐在的总问题框架和结构。所以从“总问题”的阐述入手,剖析他将认识看作生产的思想,分析阿尔都塞对理论文章如何进行症候阅读,最后通过他对文学文本的解析,看他如何抓住症候揭穿文本中意识形态的欺骗性,从而得到一种方法的启示。第四章“马歇雷的意识形态‘症候式阅读'”通过分析马歇雷具体的文学批评实践,考察其是如何将“症候式分析”运用于具体的文学批评实践。他的“文学生产理论”就是将文学看成对意识形态的生产,文本中的沉默、空白、矛盾就是产生于意识形态的作用。不在场和沉默就是意识形态的症候,文学批评或者说症候式阅读就是生产出作品中不在场的意识形态。第五章“症候式阅读与文学批评”重在总结梳理“症候式阅读”作为一种文学批评方法所包含着的相应的文学观念和对文本的独特规定。“症候式阅读”与传统的形形色色的文学反映论和创造论划清界限,而视文学是一种生产,一种建构。“症候式阅读”批判了传统的有机整体的文本观,认为文本是一种存在沉默、空白和矛盾的结构体。在具体的文学文本批评实践中,“症候式阅读”可以是对作者或者作品中人物的无意识分析,也可以从创作主体与时代主流之间存在的裂隙和错位中显示意识形态对文学的渗入和控制。结语部分是对作为文学批评方法的“症候式阅读”所存在问题的总结和探讨,“症候式阅读”还需要更深入的挖掘和阐释。
[Abstract]:Al Du Jose put forward "symptomatic reading", an innovative and revolutionary reading method and text interpretation theory, which has played a great role in the scientific interpretation of Marx's thought and has an important influence on literary criticism. It is due to Al Du Jose's "symptomatic reading" to the spirit. In the field of literature research, there are confusion phenomena in the use of the concept of "symptomatic reading" in the field of literature research, which often confuses it with psychoanalytic psychological criticism, which obscured the exact connotation of Al Du Jose's theory and influenced the deep interpretation and absorption of it. The theory of "symptomatic reading" is traced back to the root of the theory, to excavate its original connotation, to trace its change in the literary field, to examine its applicability, to clarify the mixed state of the current domestic academia on this theory, so as to integrate this idea into the field of literary criticism.
This article is divided into three parts: the introduction, the main body and the conclusion. The introduction part is the introduction of the problems discussed in this article, and points out the necessity of examining the "symptomatic reading" of its origin, and emphasizing the value of "symptomatic reading" as a literary interpretation method.
The main part of the thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, "Freud's discussion of 'symptomatic', tries to clarify the concept of" symptomatic "proposed by Freud, because Al Du Jose has learned from Freud the concept. Although it has literally shown its origin, the connotation has changed greatly, which is just a" symptom ". The root of "reading" is misread. Through the essence of the syndrome, the forming conditions and the meaning of the symptom, it reveals the meaning of the substitution and characterization of a depressed and unconscious desire. The second chapter, "Lacan's language unconsciousness and symptoms", emphasizes the unconscious of Lacan's language dimension and the symptom of its representation. Consciousness is the product of language and the structure of language. The symptom is that Lacan is a metaphorical and unconscious metaphor in Lacan. It is the substitution of the interfinger and the meaning of infinite movement. In the third chapter, "symptomatic reading" of Al Du Jose's general problem is intended to elaborate on the theory of Al Du Jose's "symptomatic reading" in depth. Culvert. "Symptomatic reading" requires from the blank, silence and fracture of the text to find out the general framework and structure of the hidden problems, so from the exposition of "the general problem", the idea of his understanding of knowledge as production is analyzed, and how Al Du Jose's symptomatic reading of the theoretical article is analyzed, and finally through his interpretation of literary texts, The fourth chapter of Machere's ideology 'symptomatic reading' examines how the "symptomatic analysis" is used in specific literary criticism practice by analyzing the concrete literary criticism of Ma Lei. His "Literature". The theory of production is to think of literature as the production of ideology. The silence, blank, and contradiction in the text are the role of ideology. Absence and silence are the symptoms of ideology. Literary criticism or symptomatic reading is the ideology that is not present in the production. The fifth chapter "symptomatic reading and Literature" "Criticism" focuses on summarizing the corresponding literary ideas and unique provisions contained in the "symptomatic reading" as a literary criticism method. "Symptomatic reading" has a clear line with the traditional literary theory of literature and creativity, while literature is a production, a construction. "Symptomatic reading" criticism. In the practice of literary text criticism, the "symptomatic reading" can be an unconscious analysis of the author or the characters in the works, and can also show the meaning of the crevice and dislocation between the creative subject and the mainstream of the times. The infiltration and control of literature by the form of knowledge.
The concluding part is the summary and discussion of the problems of "symptomatic reading" as a literary criticism method, and "symptomatic reading" needs to be further excavated and explained.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I06

【引证文献】