《红楼梦》翻译中的改写和操纵

发布时间：2018-06-11 18:49

本文选题：改写 + 操纵　；参考：《苏州大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪70年代,“文化转向”首先在西方文学研究界兴起,逐渐上升到主导地位,并由文学理论家进一步发展深化进而影响到其它文学相关领域。翻译文学作为文学研究的重要部分,受到的最引人注目的影响,莫过于“文化翻译”学派的兴起。该派学者主要探讨译文产生的文化背景,以及译文对译入语文化中的文学和文化规范所产生的影响。作为其中的重要代表人物,安德烈·勒菲弗尔在其多部专著中详细阐述了文化派的翻译思想,提出了“翻译即改写”的观点,认为翻译研究不能仅仅追求语言层面上的“对等”,而应更多地关注其文化和社会等宏观层面上的形成原因,突出译者的作用。他提出,翻译有时不能真实地反映原作的面貌,这是正常的,因为翻译并不是在真空中进行的,而是把文学作品从一个文化系统带入到另一个文化系统中,因此译者始终受到多重社会因素的操纵:当时的主流诗学、意识形态和赞助人等等。他据此提出了关于翻译的影响要素理论,即翻译的操纵观。勒菲弗尔的翻译“改写”和“操纵”的观点对于翻译研究具有里程碑式的意义。本文共分为五个部分。第一部分简要介绍勒菲弗尔的理论,以及论文的结构框架。第二部分是文献综述,总结了国内外学者对于勒菲弗尔理论的研究情况、《红楼梦》的译介和翻译研究情况。第三部分分析了该理论对翻译学贡献,如翻译研究从规约性研究向描述性研究的转变,承认了不同译文的存在价值,打破了传统翻译的原文中心说等。同时,也总结了这一理论的局限性,如重要概念的定义过于宽泛、模糊,影响了对翻译的解释力,以及对翻译活动缺乏实际的指导意义。此外,国内大部分学者在研究勒菲弗尔的操纵和改写时,对其研究的反思和批判过于极端化,这主要是对理论理解的片面性造成的,在理论的应用方面,也有机械化的倾向。本文对之前学者的质疑进行了反思,一一做出了解释,并对勒菲弗尔理论在文本研究中的应用提出了新的方法。第四部分,本文利用勒菲弗尔的“操纵”和“改写”的观点,运用前一章提出的新的文本研究方法,对《红楼梦》三个英文全译本进行了深入讨论。杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇的《红楼梦》英文全译本力求最大限度地还原原作中的文化意象,对于《红楼梦》的中国传统社会文化做到了极大的忠实;与此相对,霍克斯的英文全译本中采取的翻译策略则有所不同,认为译文要做到让毫无中国文学背景知识的西方读者明白易懂,因此对原文做了较多的主观改动,使其更加迎合读者的审美趣味。值得一提的是,本文还选取了较少为学者讨论的最早的《红楼梦》英文全译本——邦斯尔神父译本——进行文本对比,以期能够更加全面地展示理论对不同译作的解释力。邦斯尔神父译本态度极为认真,为了弥补其之前《红楼梦》译本不完整的遗憾,力求做到译文与原文的完全对应。第五部分是对全文的总结。根据以上讨论,作者指出了本研究的不足之处,对今后的研究方面提出了建议。本文在理论和实践方面的意义在于:首先,深入分析了较少有学者研究的邦斯尔的《红楼梦》译本;第二,在研究方法上,与之前学者仅从诗学、意识形态和赞助人三个方面评价翻译不同,本文从更多方面如语域和译者主体性等都做出了解释,期望能够为今后该理论的应用,以及《红楼梦》翻译研究有所启示。
[Abstract]:In 1970s, "cultural turn" began to rise to the dominant position in the western literary research field. It was further developed and deepened by the literary theorists and further influenced other literature related fields. Translation literature, as an important part of literary research, was most notably influenced by the "cultural translation" school. The scholars mainly discuss the cultural background of the translation and the influence of the translation on the literary and cultural norms in the culture of the target language. As an important representative of the translation, Andre Lefebvre elaborated the thought of the translation of the cultural school in his many monographs, and put forward the view of "translation or rewriting". Translation studies should not only pursue the "equivalence" on the language level, but should pay more attention to the reasons for the formation of the cultural and social aspects, and highlight the role of the translator. He suggests that translation can not reflect the original face of the original, which is normal, because translation is not carried out in a vacuum, but a literary work from A cultural system is brought into another cultural system, so the translator has always been manipulated by multiple social factors: the mainstream poetics, ideology and patronage at that time. He put forward the theory of influence factors on translation, that is, the view of manipulation. The study of translation studies has a milestone. This article is divided into five parts. The first part is a brief introduction of Lefebvre's theory and the structural framework of the thesis. The second part is a literature review, summarizes the research on Lefebvre theory by scholars both at home and abroad, the translation and translation studies of the Red Mansions dream, and the third part of the analysis. The contribution of theory to translation studies, such as the transformation of translation studies from a formal study to a descriptive study, acknowledges the value of the existence of different translations and breaks the original theory of the traditional translation. At the same time, it also summarizes the limitations of the theory, such as the definition of the important concept too broad and vague, which affects the interpretation of translation and the reversal of the translation. The translation activities lack practical guiding significance. In addition, most scholars in China are too extreme to rethink and criticize Lefebvre's research in the study of manipulation and rewriting. This is mainly caused by the one-sided theory of theoretical understanding and the tendency of mechanization in the application of theory. This paper rethinks the questions of previous scholars. An explanation is made one by one, and a new method is put forward for the application of Lefebvre's theory in text research. In the fourth part, this paper, using the view of Lefebvre's "manipulation" and "Rewriting", uses the new method of text research proposed in the previous chapter to discuss the "dream of Red Mansions >" three English full versions in depth. Yang Xianyi, Dai Naidie The English full translation of the couple's "dream of Red Mansions" seeks to maximize the cultural image in the original, and has made a great loyalty to the Chinese traditional culture of the dream of Red Mansions. In contrast, the translation strategies adopted in the English version of Hawkes are different, and the translation is to make it possible for the west to make no Chinese background knowledge in the West. It is worth mentioning that the original version of "Red Mansions", the English version of Bonsall, which is less discussed by scholars, is compared to a more comprehensive demonstration of the theory to the difference. The interpretate force of the translated version is very serious. In order to make up for the incomplete translation of the dream of the Red Mansion, he strives to complete the complete correspondence between the translation and the original text. The fifth part is a summary of the full text. According to the above discussion, the author points out the shortcomings of this study and puts forward some suggestions for the future research. The significance of theory and practice lies in the following: first, it analyzes Bonsall's translation of the dream of Red Mansions, which is less studied by scholars; second, in the study method, the former scholars only evaluate the translation from the three aspects of poetics, ideology and patrons. This article explains more aspects such as the register and the translator's subjectivity. Hope can provide some inspiration for the future application of the theory and the translation of dream of Red Mansions.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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