生态视野下的《狼图腾》与《白牙》之比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 15:54

本文选题：《狼图腾》 + 《白牙》　；参考：《郑州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着人类文明的不断进步以及人口的迅速膨胀,自然环境的压力越来越大。尤其是工业革命以来,人类为了追求财富,为了满足私欲,不断地征服自然,改造自然,疯狂地向自然索取。姜戎和杰克·伦敦都意识到了人类应该对自然负责,他们的作品都体现了对文明以及人与自然关系的思考。本文将比较两人的作品《狼图腾》和《白牙》,分析作品生态思想的异同及其成因。全文分为引言,四个章节和结论。引言：简要介绍姜戎的《狼图腾》以及杰克·伦敦的《白牙》；概述比较文学理论及生态批评理论；总结国内外研究两部作品的现状,并在此基础上提出自己的创新点。第一章：背景知识,概述姜戎和杰克·伦敦的生活经历和社会背景对其创作的影响。两位作家都到过荒凉偏僻的边疆地区。在这些地区,他们接触了狼,并且有着极深的爱狼情结。两个人都生活在革命时代并受到了革命的影响。姜戎响应文化大革命上山下乡的号召,从大城市来到草原,杰克·伦敦则厌倦工业革命后的生活,跟随淘金大军来到了克朗代克。第二章：自然书写,《狼图腾》和《白牙》中有大量关于自然的描写,关注自然是生态文学的特征。两部作品都刻画了荒原恶劣的生存环境,讲明了生存对于每种生物都不容易的事实,揭示了人与动物相互杀害又相互依存的哲理。两部作品都书写了生机勃勃的生态系统,狼的重要性以及生态破坏的危险性。第三章：人与自然,人与自然的关系包括人类中心主义和生物中心主义。人类中心主义在《狼图腾》中体现在对草原的开垦和对动物的残杀,在《白牙》中体现在对白牙的虐待。与人类中心主义相对的生物中心主义则体现在相反的一面。杰克·伦敦和姜戎的作品反映了生态发展的不同时期。杰克·伦敦提倡保护动物权利,这是生态初级阶段。姜戎号召保护整个生态系统,这是生态的成熟阶段。第四章：文明与荒野,《狼图腾》和《白牙》对文明的批判主要体现在对人类欲望和科技的批判,人类无限的欲求导致了自然资源的破坏和枯竭,科技的不当使用则加速了这一进程。草原人没有那么多的欲望和高科技,其民族传统思想蕴含着深刻的生态哲理。结论：总结全文,再次指出《狼图腾》和《白牙》的生态思想的异同,以及姜戎和杰克·伦敦生态意识的异同。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of human civilization and the rapid expansion of the population , the pressure of the natural environment becomes more and more great . Especially since the industrial revolution , in order to satisfy the desires , to conquer nature , to reform the nature and to change the nature and to the nature . Jiang Rong and Jack London realized that the human beings should be responsible for the nature . Both Jiang Rong and Jack London realized that the human beings should be responsible for the nature , their works reflect the similarities and differences of the ecological thoughts of the works and their causes . The whole text is divided into three parts , namely , introduction , four chapters and conclusions .

Introduction : A brief introduction of Jiang Rong ' s Wolf Totem and Jack London ' s tooth whitening teeth ;
The theory of comparative literature and the theory of ecological criticism are summarized .
This paper summarizes the present situation of two works at home and abroad , and puts forward its own innovation points on this basis .

Chapter One : Background knowledge , outlining the impact of the life experience and social background of Jiang Rong and Jack London on his creation . Both writers have come to the remote frontier . In these areas , they are in contact with wolves and have a profound love of wolves . Both people live in the revolutionary era and have been affected by the revolution . Jiang Rong came to the prairie from the big cities in response to the call of the cultural revolution , and Jack London was tired of the life after the industrial revolution , following the gold rush to Klondike .

Chapter 2 : The natural description of nature and the nature of nature are the characteristics of the ecological literature . Both works depict the harsh living environment of the wilderness , and reveal the fact that the existence is not easy for each organism , and reveals the mutual killing and interdependence of human beings and animals . Both works have written a vibrant ecosystem , the importance of wolves , and the danger of ecological destruction .

Chapter 3 : The relationship between human beings and nature , human and nature includes human centralism and biological centralism . Human centralism manifests itself in the exploitation of the grassland and the killing of animals , which is reflected in the opposite side . Jack London and Jiang Rong ' s works reflect the different periods of ecological development .

The fourth chapter : The criticism of civilization and wilderness , the Wolf Totem teng - teng and the ancient white teeth civilization is mainly embodied in the criticism of human desires and science and technology , the infinite desire of mankind leads to the destruction and depletion of natural resources , and the improper use of science and technology has accelerated the process . The prairie man has not so much desire and high technology , its national traditional thought contains profound ecological philosophy .

Conclusion : In this paper , the author points out the similarities and differences between the ecological thoughts of Wolf Totem and the White Hague , and the similarities and differences between Jiang Rong and Jack London ' s ecological consciousness .
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.4

【参考文献】