基因技术控制的世界中命运与自由的悖论：《美丽新世界》与《千万别丢下我》的比较研究
发布时间：2018-08-20 12:27
【摘要】： 英国当代著名作家奥尔德斯·赫胥黎所著《美丽新世界》描述了一个基因技术控制下的世界,是一部二十世纪的经典力作,但在今天它仍被看做是科技发展对人类自由威胁发出的严重警告。石黑一雄的《千万别丢下我》使复制的人类具有情感、思想甚至创造力,表面上颠覆了典型的,即科技进步具有去人性化的反乌托邦观点,依然引发人们思考:当追求利润的机构通过批量器官生产而克隆人时,这些产品与牛羊是否有本质性区别。尽管这两部科幻小说的问世相隔六十多年,但他们都以克隆技术为背景,着重探讨人类的生存问题。两部小说分别描述了对人类的模式化批量生产和个性化订单克隆,本文试图通过对这两部小说的对比分析,探讨知识界对于基因技术控制生命态度的变化。论文的讨论中心是人类的命运和自由,作者认为正是它们形成了个体存在的独特性,因而构成了人类最基本的尊严。因此,本文试从小说的创作来源和背景对两部小说进行对比,并研究它们的价值取向和体现方式,探寻它们产生影响及深远意义。研究发现,尽管在《千万别丢下我》中,个性化的人类复制技术上表现了长足的进步,对人类尊严的威胁仍然存在,这使该小说与《美丽新世界》并驾齐驱,未能摆脱反乌托邦科幻小说套路:前者预见了一个失控的杀戮文化,因为克隆技术可以保证对被杀者的复制,而且得到器官农场赢利动机的推动:后者则预示了一个以公众利益及社会秩序的名誉而剥夺个人自由的社会。两部小说都是对现代生活的寓言,并由此引发对令人不安社会问题的讨论。 命运与自由是改善自然环境和社会制度的人类活动的动因,是最基本的人类价值。现代科技的出现便是这一努力的后果之一。人类渴望更多地主宰自己的命运进而享受更多的自由(如免于恐惧和物质匮乏的自由。)在物质商品及便捷生活方面,科技的发展确实为造福人类提供了前所未有的机会。从这个意义上说,相对自然灾害和压迫社会制度的不合理性,人类拥有了对自我命运的更多控制。然而,对科技的阐释与运用往往忽略了这一点,它们的价值往往在于表现事物的共性、在于预测或控制事物的发生与后果。于是,引发了一个循环论证的悖论:个体的自由被认为出自对个体本身命运的更多控制,而这种控制又被视为个体价值的束缚。这就是受益科技发明的人类社会所必须面对的困境:我们享受科技带来的便利,结果对其如此依赖以至于我们实际上失去了选择的自由。走出该困境的办法之一是对其保持不懈的警惕,正如奥尔德斯·赫胥黎和石黑一雄在他们充满视野的科幻小说中所为。
[Abstract]:Beautiful New World by Aldous Huxley, a famous contemporary British writer, describes a world under the control of genetic technology and is a classic masterpiece of the 20th century. But today it is still seen as a serious warning of the threat to human freedom from technological advances. Ishihiro's "Don't leave me alone" makes the copied human being emotionally, mentally and even creative, toppling on the surface the typical, dehumanizing, dystopian view of technological progress. Still, people wonder whether these products are fundamentally different from cattle and sheep when profit-seeking institutions clone humans through mass production of organs. Although the two sci-fi novels are more than 60 years apart, they both focus on human survival in the context of cloning. The two novels describe the model mass production of human beings and the individualized order cloning respectively. This paper attempts to discuss the change of the intellectual attitude towards gene technology to control life through the comparative analysis of the two novels. The discussion center of this paper is the fate and freedom of human beings. The author thinks that it is they that form the uniqueness of individual existence and thus constitute the most basic dignity of human beings. Therefore, this paper tries to compare the two novels from the source and background of their creation, and study their value orientation and embodiments, and explore their influence and far-reaching significance. The study found that, despite advances in personalized human reproduction techniques in Don't leave me, the threat to human dignity still exists, which keeps the novel abreast of the Beautiful New World. Unable to get rid of dystopian science fiction: the former foresaw a culture of killing out of control, because cloning guarantees replication of the murdered. And motivated by organ farms: the latter heralded a society that deprived individuals of their liberty in the name of public interest and social order. Both novels are fables about modern life, which leads to a discussion of disturbing social problems. Fate and freedom are the motivation of human activities to improve the natural environment and social system, and are the most basic human values. The emergence of modern technology is one of the consequences of this effort. Human beings aspire to more control of their own destiny and then to more freedom (such as freedom from fear and material want). In terms of material goods and convenient lives, the development of science and technology indeed offers unprecedented opportunities for the benefit of mankind. In this sense, humans have more control over their own destiny than natural disasters and the irrationality of oppressive social systems. However, the interpretation and application of science and technology often ignore this point, their value often lies in expressing the commonness of things, in predicting or controlling the occurrence and consequence of things. Thus, it leads to a paradox of circular argument: individual freedom is regarded as more control over one's own destiny, and this control is regarded as the bondage of individual value. This is the dilemma that the human society that benefits from the invention of technology has to face: we enjoy the benefits of technology and become so dependent on it that we effectively lose the freedom to choose. One way out of this dilemma is to remain vigilant, as Aldous Huxley and Ishihiro Ishihiro do in their visionary science fiction.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.4
本文编号：2193608
[Abstract]:Beautiful New World by Aldous Huxley, a famous contemporary British writer, describes a world under the control of genetic technology and is a classic masterpiece of the 20th century. But today it is still seen as a serious warning of the threat to human freedom from technological advances. Ishihiro's "Don't leave me alone" makes the copied human being emotionally, mentally and even creative, toppling on the surface the typical, dehumanizing, dystopian view of technological progress. Still, people wonder whether these products are fundamentally different from cattle and sheep when profit-seeking institutions clone humans through mass production of organs. Although the two sci-fi novels are more than 60 years apart, they both focus on human survival in the context of cloning. The two novels describe the model mass production of human beings and the individualized order cloning respectively. This paper attempts to discuss the change of the intellectual attitude towards gene technology to control life through the comparative analysis of the two novels. The discussion center of this paper is the fate and freedom of human beings. The author thinks that it is they that form the uniqueness of individual existence and thus constitute the most basic dignity of human beings. Therefore, this paper tries to compare the two novels from the source and background of their creation, and study their value orientation and embodiments, and explore their influence and far-reaching significance. The study found that, despite advances in personalized human reproduction techniques in Don't leave me, the threat to human dignity still exists, which keeps the novel abreast of the Beautiful New World. Unable to get rid of dystopian science fiction: the former foresaw a culture of killing out of control, because cloning guarantees replication of the murdered. And motivated by organ farms: the latter heralded a society that deprived individuals of their liberty in the name of public interest and social order. Both novels are fables about modern life, which leads to a discussion of disturbing social problems. Fate and freedom are the motivation of human activities to improve the natural environment and social system, and are the most basic human values. The emergence of modern technology is one of the consequences of this effort. Human beings aspire to more control of their own destiny and then to more freedom (such as freedom from fear and material want). In terms of material goods and convenient lives, the development of science and technology indeed offers unprecedented opportunities for the benefit of mankind. In this sense, humans have more control over their own destiny than natural disasters and the irrationality of oppressive social systems. However, the interpretation and application of science and technology often ignore this point, their value often lies in expressing the commonness of things, in predicting or controlling the occurrence and consequence of things. Thus, it leads to a paradox of circular argument: individual freedom is regarded as more control over one's own destiny, and this control is regarded as the bondage of individual value. This is the dilemma that the human society that benefits from the invention of technology has to face: we enjoy the benefits of technology and become so dependent on it that we effectively lose the freedom to choose. One way out of this dilemma is to remain vigilant, as Aldous Huxley and Ishihiro Ishihiro do in their visionary science fiction.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.4
【参考文献】
中国期刊全文数据库 前1条
1 陈丽;《美妙的新世界》对乌托邦主题的解构作用[J];解放军外国语学院学报;2000年06期
，本文编号：2193608
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