陈独秀早期文艺思想研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 20:14

【摘要】：陈独秀在中国现代史上是一位颇受争议的人物。他拥有出众的文学才华,又饱含高涨的革命热情。他企图在政治上建功立业,却屡遭失败甚至犯下严重的错误,但他又是新文化运动的总司令,发动了文学革命,开启了现代文学的新纪元。他是一位失败的政治家,却是一位出色的文人,其文学活动主要集中于1921年之前,尤以新文化运动时期最为耀眼。陈独秀这一时期的文艺思想,不仅在当时具有纲领性的决定作用,即便在今天也还有着重要的参考价值。首先,陈独秀早期文艺思想带有鲜明的功利主义色彩。他对传统文化进行了近乎歇斯底里地痛斥和批判,旧文学、以孔子为代表的儒家思想以及旧戏曲集中体现了传统文化的精髓,这三者也被批判得最为严重。然而,陈独秀毕竟生活并成长于传统文化的浸染之下,具有深厚的旧学修养,在思维方面更是无时不透露出传统文化中实用理性至上的原则。其次,陈独秀早期文艺思想注重对文学独立性与艺术审美性的追求。他将自然主义文艺观引入国内,以其“写实”的原则来拯救雕琢阿谀的旧文学,并严格区分文学与其他领域的界限,目的在于确立起文学的独立地位,最终达到审美超越的艺术境界。陈独秀对于自然主义的引介和推崇,影响了周作人、鲁迅、茅盾等一大批作家的文艺实践。以上这两方面看似矛盾,实则是文艺本身的一体两面,好的文艺作品本身既要有高超的艺术审美性,又要对社会产生一定的积极影响。此外,在进行研究分析时要时刻保持一种历史现场感,新文化运动时期古今中外各种思想潮流相互碰撞,又面临“启蒙”与“救亡”的双重任务,知识分子们很难形成严密的理论体系;加之陈独秀多重的身份,所站的立场不同,其文艺思想的侧重点便不一样。对于这一切,我们都应做出具有历史同情的解析。
[Abstract]:Chen Duxiu is a controversial figure in modern Chinese history. He has outstanding literary talent and high revolutionary enthusiasm. He tried to make achievements in politics, but he failed repeatedly and even made serious mistakes. However, he was the commander-in-chief of the New Culture Movement, launched the literary revolution and opened a new era of modern literature. He was a failed politician, but an outstanding scholar. His literary activities were mainly concentrated before 1921, especially during the New Culture Movement. Chen Duxiu's literary and artistic thoughts not only played a decisive role at that time, but also have important reference value today. First of all, Chen Duxiu's early literary thought had a distinctive utilitarian color. He lambasted and criticized the traditional culture hysterically. The old literature, the Confucian thought represented by Confucius and the old opera embodied the essence of the traditional culture, and these three were criticized most seriously. However, Chen Duxiu lived and grew up under the influence of traditional culture, and had profound old learning accomplishment. In the aspect of thinking, Chen Duxiu revealed the principle of practical rationality supremacy in traditional culture all the time. Secondly, Chen Duxiu's early literary thought focused on the pursuit of literary independence and artistic aesthetics. He introduced naturalistic literature and art concept into China, saved the old literature with flattery with its "realistic" principle, and strictly distinguished the boundary between literature and other fields in order to establish the independent position of literature. Finally reach the artistic realm of aesthetic transcendence. Chen Duxiu's introduction and praise of naturalism have influenced the literary practice of a large number of writers, such as Zhou Zuoren, Lu Xun and Mao Dun. The above two aspects seem to be contradictory, in fact, they are two sides of literature and art itself. Good literary works not only have superb artistic aesthetics, but also have a certain positive influence on the society. In addition, we should always maintain a sense of historical scene when conducting research and analysis. During the New Cultural Movement, all kinds of ideological trends at all times and at all times collided with each other, and they faced the dual tasks of "enlightenment" and "saving the nation." It is very difficult for intellectuals to form a rigorous theoretical system, and Chen Duxiu's emphasis on literature and art is different because of his multiple identities. For all this, we should make a historical sympathetic analysis.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I0

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