现实主义的存在论根基
发布时间：2019-05-12 06:49
【摘要】： 现实主义是一种古老的文艺理论,在其理论形成的初期,它标榜一种对“客观现实”反映与描写。但是随着理论自身的发展,它更多地是以实证主义的方式来处理“客观现实”与“艺术反映”之间的关系。特别是以教条化的唯物主义的建构视角,形成了以反映论为前提以意识形态为指归以“典型论”为典范要求的现实主义理论。这种把理论政治化教条化的做法使得现实主义自身既不能真实地反映现实,又缺失了艺术自律的尴尬境地,而且丧失了批判的本质特征。形成这一困境的根本在于现实主义理论是在主客二分的形而上学的思维模式中形成的,而以卢卡奇布莱希特加洛蒂为代表的理论家则从不同的方面提出了对现实主义理论的修正。 卢卡奇的现实主义理论是以“总体性”原则为核心的,并且在“总体性”之中,以黑格尔辩证法的方式体现创作主体性,以此来保证现实主义艺术的自律。在此基础之上,卢卡奇要求“典型”理论具有“总体性”的气质,认为正是这种“总体性”保证了“人的完整性”,也就保证了“人道主义”的本质特征。虽然卢卡奇深刻地认识到了现实主义深陷在主客二分的认识论之中,但卢卡奇只是在黑格尔辩证法的基础上,把现实主义的方方面面粘合在“总体性”原则下,并没有解决主客二元的对立,甚至使得现实主义进一步陷入了“天启论”。 布莱希特以创作方法论的视角展现了他的以表现主义与“阶级性”为核心的现实主义观。但布莱希特所理解的“阶级性”并不是从机械反映论的角度来理解的,是从个体情感体验的角度来看待“阶级性”的。而且如何看待布莱希特现实主义的表现主义倾向与现实主义之现实观之间的联系也是理论的疑点。加洛蒂的“无边的现实主义”具有存在论意味,但加洛蒂仅仅是指出了必须对传统现实主义主客二分的思维模式进行反思,仅仅是给出了人与世界具有某种感性的普遍关系,但却没有指出这种关系是如何发生的。故而加洛蒂没有从深刻的存在论视域看待现实主义。 我们不得不从海德格尔的“此在”的基础存在论出发,从人的存在维度出发,把人的存在同人的实际生存联系在一起,从人的此在性活动中,找寻“存在”的意义,并且从此在的维度,以审美活动的生成性特征为为前提注解审美活动。这为我们从存在论的高度理解马克思的实践观提供了新的理论范式:第一,从实际生活与现实世界的视角来理解人的“感性活动”与存在。第二,从具体的社会关系以及人的复杂的现实性出发思考具体的“现实的人”以及人类的全部历史。第三,马克思的实践观消解了教条化的唯物主义的立场,把人的实践本质与存在本质的生成性看作人的“此在”的基本特点。由此,马克思的实践观无疑具有存在论的意味,为我们重新看待与审视现实主义理论的矛盾面提供了可能,也为我们从人与世界的生成性的关系为看待审美活动的生成性奠定了基础,更为现实主义理论在创作主体——文学文本——文学接受这一审美的艺术的动态过程中的体现奠定了话语的基础。
[Abstract]:Realism is an old theory of literature and art. In the early stage of its theoretical formation, it is a reflection and description of the "objective reality". But with the development of the theory itself, it is more of a positivism to deal with the relationship between the "objective reality" and the "artistic reflection". In particular, the theory of realism, which is based on the reflection of reflection, is formed on the premise of anti-reflection as a model for the "typical theory". The practice of politicizing the theory so that the realism can not only truly reflect the reality, but also the embarrassed situation of the self-discipline of the art, and has lost the essential characteristics of the criticism. The essence of the formation of this dilemma is that the realism theory is formed in the mode of thinking of the subject's bipartite metaphysics, while the theorists, represented by Luca Brecht and Lotilotti, put forward the amendments to the theory of realism from different aspects. Lukic's theory of realism is at the core of the "general" principle, and in the "general", the creative subjectivity is embodied in the way of Hegel's dialectics, so as to guarantee the art of realism. On the basis of this, Lukic asked the typical "theory to have the general" temperament, and it is that the totality "ensures the integrity of the human person", and also guarantees the "humanitarianism". In spite of the deep understanding that realism is deep in the two-to-two epistemology of the subject, Lukic is only on the basis of Hegel's dialectics, and it does not solve the dualism of the master. The opposite of the "the theory of the sky" . Brecht shows his expressionism and "class nature" as the core from the perspective of the creation methodology But Brecht's understanding of the "class nature" is not to be understood from the point of view of the mechanical reflection, from the angle of the individual's emotional experience. The Relationship between the Expressionism of Brecht's Realism and the Realistic View of Realism; It is also the question of the theory. The "an edge of realism" of Ancelotti has the sense of existence, but Carlo Ancelotti merely points out that the thought pattern that must be divided by the traditional realist main passenger must be reflected, and only the general relation between the person and the world is given, but it is not pointed out That's how it's going to take place. So, Carlo Ancelotti doesn't see from a deep, existential view. In view of realism, we have to start from the basic ontology of Heidegger's "this is" and, from the existence of human existence, link the existence of human being with the actual existence of human beings, and find the "exist" from the human's sexual activity. The significance of and from this dimension to the generation of aesthetic activities. It provides a new theoretical paradigm for us to understand Marx's practice view from the perspective of the ontology, first, from the perspective of the real world and the real world. The second, from the specific social relationship and the human's complex reality, consider the specific "a realman" and the whole history of human beings. Third, Marx's view of practice has digested the position of the materialistic materialism, and regarded the nature of human's practice and the existence of the existence of the essence as the" this is". As a result, Marx's view of practice has no doubt of the sense of existence, and provides a possibility for us to re-view and examine the contradiction of the theory of realism, and also to view the aesthetic of the relationship between the human and the world. The formation of the activity lays the foundation, and the more realistic theory is in the dynamic process of the creation of the aesthetic art of the subject _ literary text _ literature
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I0
本文编号：2475191
[Abstract]:Realism is an old theory of literature and art. In the early stage of its theoretical formation, it is a reflection and description of the "objective reality". But with the development of the theory itself, it is more of a positivism to deal with the relationship between the "objective reality" and the "artistic reflection". In particular, the theory of realism, which is based on the reflection of reflection, is formed on the premise of anti-reflection as a model for the "typical theory". The practice of politicizing the theory so that the realism can not only truly reflect the reality, but also the embarrassed situation of the self-discipline of the art, and has lost the essential characteristics of the criticism. The essence of the formation of this dilemma is that the realism theory is formed in the mode of thinking of the subject's bipartite metaphysics, while the theorists, represented by Luca Brecht and Lotilotti, put forward the amendments to the theory of realism from different aspects. Lukic's theory of realism is at the core of the "general" principle, and in the "general", the creative subjectivity is embodied in the way of Hegel's dialectics, so as to guarantee the art of realism. On the basis of this, Lukic asked the typical "theory to have the general" temperament, and it is that the totality "ensures the integrity of the human person", and also guarantees the "humanitarianism". In spite of the deep understanding that realism is deep in the two-to-two epistemology of the subject, Lukic is only on the basis of Hegel's dialectics, and it does not solve the dualism of the master. The opposite of the "the theory of the sky" . Brecht shows his expressionism and "class nature" as the core from the perspective of the creation methodology But Brecht's understanding of the "class nature" is not to be understood from the point of view of the mechanical reflection, from the angle of the individual's emotional experience. The Relationship between the Expressionism of Brecht's Realism and the Realistic View of Realism; It is also the question of the theory. The "an edge of realism" of Ancelotti has the sense of existence, but Carlo Ancelotti merely points out that the thought pattern that must be divided by the traditional realist main passenger must be reflected, and only the general relation between the person and the world is given, but it is not pointed out That's how it's going to take place. So, Carlo Ancelotti doesn't see from a deep, existential view. In view of realism, we have to start from the basic ontology of Heidegger's "this is" and, from the existence of human existence, link the existence of human being with the actual existence of human beings, and find the "exist" from the human's sexual activity. The significance of and from this dimension to the generation of aesthetic activities. It provides a new theoretical paradigm for us to understand Marx's practice view from the perspective of the ontology, first, from the perspective of the real world and the real world. The second, from the specific social relationship and the human's complex reality, consider the specific "a realman" and the whole history of human beings. Third, Marx's view of practice has digested the position of the materialistic materialism, and regarded the nature of human's practice and the existence of the existence of the essence as the" this is". As a result, Marx's view of practice has no doubt of the sense of existence, and provides a possibility for us to re-view and examine the contradiction of the theory of realism, and also to view the aesthetic of the relationship between the human and the world. The formation of the activity lays the foundation, and the more realistic theory is in the dynamic process of the creation of the aesthetic art of the subject _ literary text _ literature
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I0
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 刘向菲;中国现代文论中典型理论流变考论[D];郑州大学;2011年
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