《推销员之死》的现实主义特色

发布时间：2017-12-31 19:32

本文关键词：《推销员之死》的现实主义特色　出处：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：阿瑟米勒是美国最具影响力的剧作家之一。他的代表作之一《推销员之死》于1949年在纽约首演成功后,震惊了整个美国戏剧界。同时也在国内外评论界引起了一场激烈的争论。国内各类期刊上共发表近多篇有关阿瑟米勒和《推销员之死》的论文。而这些论文多是《推销员之死》中所体现出的美国梦的破灭以及阿瑟米勒的现代悲剧观的研究,以及从表现技巧角度探讨《推销员之死》的文章,并没有系统而又全面地分析戏剧中的现实主义手法。因此,本文试图从现实主义戏剧特点分析作品,从现实主义文学角度,舞台设计和语言使用上寻求理论支撑,进一步证明《推销员之死》是一出现实主义戏剧。第一,从批判现实主义的角度以及社会背景来阐述阐述现实主义特色。而在该剧中,阿瑟·米勒米勒花了一个半月写出的《推销员之死》,揭露了“美国梦的疵点”,被誉为“美国梦不再”的代表作,该剧通过对其主角“威利·罗曼”强烈迷信美国的资本主义,想要出人头地,但最后却因利欲熏心走向灭亡的事实,客观地、如实地,反映了当时社会生活。第二,从人物的性格特色、语言特色以及舞台设计方面来阐述《推销员之死》的现实主义特色。剧作家真实地塑造威利这个人物的形象,威利的事业的失败对其打击很大,使他的美国之梦破灭。此外,他两个儿子的堕落、彷徨,促使威利走向绝境的客观原因之一。他操劳一生,梦想两个儿子子会“出人头地”,到头来却是一场空。这本身就是对威利的沉重打击。所有的这一切自然都是那个社会的真实写照。密勒剧作的特点是“重分析”,也就是对人物心理活动内容的剖析。本文包含五部分,除引言和结论外共分为三章。第一章主要描写人物的现实主义特色。重点从威利作为一名普通的美国人,他有自己的梦想,从他的事业和家庭角度来分析其现实主义特色。第二章主要描写剧中语言的现实主义的特点,从五个方面论述现实主义特色语言。这几种语言包括：心理对话,引用,口语化的语言,有选择性的现实语言和隐喻的语言等。第三章主要分析了剧中舞台设计的现实主义特色。从舞台结构,场景转换,音乐,灯光以及虚拟的场景再现等方面来探究舞台的现实主义特色。通观全剧,剧作家在大幕打开之后,就已经把主人公置于绝望的边缘,并让他在第二幕结尾处开车自杀,在这中间,正是把笔力集中于揭示威利在自杀之前的内心历程。其个性化的语言让我们体会到人物的在特定历史条件下的特色。具有选择性的现实主义语言现实主义语言仿拟现实生活中的语言,但这往往只是一种错觉,台上的对话并不就是人们生活中的对话,须知“戏剧是一种选择的艺术”,剧作家选择情节、人物、布景等等,语言自然也出自其选择,要体现人物性格、人物关系,要体现主题思想,推动情节发展。该剧通过将各种各样的场景设计和用现实主义手法,为现实空间简单的布景创造出完美的效果。场景包括一个郊外后院、一个曼哈顿餐馆、一间在波士顿的宾馆房间和—个墓地。这部剧具有创新布景的效果将影响21世纪的美国剧本创作和舞台艺术。其舞台艺术完美设计给人们提供了更加精细的细节,并使得布景成为“真实的”的环境,其真实性令观众感到惊讶。在该剧中将真实的空间和虚拟的空间相结合推动故事情节的发展。在剧中,阿瑟米勒刻画了美国现实社会中的一个为了自己和孩子将一生奉献给美国梦的小人物。阿瑟米勒对主人公威利客观现实的描写。真实再现了威利这一具有现实意义人物形象。
[Abstract]:Arthur Miller is one of the most influential American playwright. One of the "death of a salesman on his masterpiece in 1949 premiere in New York, shocked the whole American theater. While domestic and foreign critics have also caused a heated argument. All kinds of domestic journals were published in many articles about Arthur Miller and the salesman" death > papers. Which is much research on modern tragedy embodied in "death of a salesman > in the disillusionment of the American dream and Arthur Miller's view, and this article" death of a salesman from the perspective of performance skills ", and there is no systematic and comprehensive analysis of the drama realism. Therefore, this paper try to analyze the works from the realistic drama, from the perspective of literary realism, seek the theoretical support of stage design and language use, further proof of" death of a salesman "is a realistic drama First, from the perspective of critical realism and social background of this paper and the features of realism. In the play, Arthur Milmil took the death of a salesman > < one and a half months to write, to expose the defect of the American Dream ", known as" American dreams no longer ", through the play of the the protagonist of" Wiley Roman "strong superstitious American capitalism, but in the end because want to rise head and shoulders above others, the demise of reckless with greed facts, objectively, truthfully, reflects the social life at that time. Second, from the character features, realistic features of language features and stage design aspects of" death of a salesman. "The playwright truly shaped the character of Wiley's image of Wiley, the cause of the failure of a great shock, which shattered his dream of America. In addition, his two sons fallen, helpless, prompted Wiley to despair One of the objective reasons. He worked hard all his life, dreams of the two son ", in the end will rise head and shoulders above others is futile." this is a heavy blow to Wiley. All of this is a true portrayal of the natural characteristics of society. Miller's "re analysis", it is the analysis of characters psychological activities.
This paper consists of five parts, which is divided into three chapters except the introduction and the conclusion.
The first chapter mainly describes the realistic characteristics of the characters. From Wiley's point of view as a common American, he has his own dream and analyzes his realistic characteristics from his career and family perspective.
The second chapter mainly describes the characteristics of realism in the drama, and discusses realistic language from five aspects. These languages include: psychological dialogue, quotation, colloquial language, selective real language and metaphorical language.
The third chapter mainly analyzes the realism features of stage design in the drama, and explores the realistic characteristics of stage from aspects of stage structure, scene transformation, music, lighting and virtual scene reproduction.
In the play, after the curtain opened the playwright, is the protagonist in the edge of despair, and let him drive at the end of Dutch act in the second act, in the middle, it is the focuses on revealing the history of Wiley in the heart Dutch act before. Personalized language allows us to be in the specific historical conditions the characteristics of the characters. The selective realism realism language language parody of real-life language, but this is just an illusion, on the stage of the dialogue is not the people living in the dialogue, "notes drama is an art of choice", select the playwright plot, characters, scenery and so on, natural language from the choice, to reflect the character, the relationship between the characters, to embody the theme to promote the development of the plot. The show will be through a variety of scene design and realism, realistic space for the simple background Create the perfect effect. The scene consists of a suburban backyard, a Manhattan restaurant in Boston, a hotel room and a cemetery. It has the effect of setting innovation will affect the United States in twenty-first Century. The script writing and performing arts stage art perfect design to provide more detail to the people. And make the scenery as a "real" environment, its authenticity was surprised the audience. The combination and promote the development of the story in the drama in real space and virtual space. In the play, Arthur Miller created a life for themselves and their children will be dedicated to the people of the American dream in the reality of American society Arthur Miller Wiley of the protagonist of objective reality description. A true representation of the Wiley this realistic characters.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.073

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