《小镇畸人》中畸人失语的原因探析

发布时间：2018-01-02 03:00

本文关键词：《小镇畸人》中畸人失语的原因探析　出处：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：舍伍德·安德森是20世纪美国文坛的一位重要作家,凭借短篇故事集《小镇畸人》而迅速蜚声文坛。在书中他刻画了一群行为异常、思想怪异的畸人,其共同点是都患上了失语症,即不能与他人进行有效的沟通。长期以来,从不同角度、用不同理论解读畸人成因的文献论述不胜枚举,然而对畸人失语成因的分析却仍不充分。本文将以失语为研究对象,拟从三个方面探讨造成畸人失语的原因。第一章从语言的角度切入,认为语言中能指与所指的断裂造成了语言的不可靠性,从而导致了畸人的失语。安德森选择失语症作为话题,与自己的亲身经历以及当时的时代背景密切相关。安德森从事过撰写广告词的工作,对充斥广告词中的虚假宣传、恶意欺骗所导致的词与意的分离深恶痛绝。同时,19世纪末20世纪初,美国新闻界流行所谓的“黄色报道”模式,该模式推崇使用耸人听闻的标题,感情色彩极浓的修饰词,为迎合读者的猎奇心,不惜使报道偏离事实,在一定程度上导致了词语的误用、甚至滥用,对此安德森同样嗤之以鼻。因而安德森在创作《小镇畸人》时,有意将自己对语言不可靠性的深刻洞察融入文中,着力展现畸人们如何因语言的不可靠性而导致误解产生,沟通失败,从而对语言抱有怀疑、恐惧、戏谑的态度。在论述过程中,为避免立论的偏颇,本章将分别从书面语言与口头语言两方面进行分析。第二章关于伦理方面,这里重点要论述的是畸人的失语是一种比喻的说法,他们表现在病理学意义上的失语,其实是因为个人的主体性建构受挫,个人的自由选择总是被群体意志所压迫、所裹挟,个人的心灵声音无法释放,或者是释放出来却淹没在代表集体意志的声音中。同时,第二章也回答了第一章所遗留的一个问题,即：为什么仅仅是畸人们表现出对语言不可靠性的敏感,而和畸人相对的正常人却没有意识到这个问题?原因在于,畸人们在做出自由选择,努力使自己发声的过程其实也是一种寻求和建立主体性的过程,而正常人因为没有意识到建构主体性的要求,或者说是内在精神没有觉醒,因而对语言的不可靠性不甚敏感。第三章关于心理方面,是紧随第二章而来,畸人们建构主体性的受挫,使他们对自己的命运产生了一种错误的本质主义的解读,即人分两种,天生会说话的和天生失语的,这种本质主义的解读进一步导致畸人们的绝望(因为本质是无法改变的,因而命运在他们看来是注定被诅咒的)。此处,“绝望”是克尔凯郭尔宗教哲学思想中的一个关键词,指的是人在内在精神觉醒后,在主体性建构受挫后而产生的消极反应,包含两种,即不愿意成为自我、试图逃避自我和故意成为自我两种,本文只取前一种分析。不愿成为自我的初级形式是假想自己为自己所崇拜的偶像,从而避开对自我的认同。但由于人不可能成为另一个人,因此这种趋势发展到最后只能是导致自我封闭,个人既无法面对他人,也无法面对自我。在这种情况下,畸人彻底放弃了对外界言说的欲望,失语的帽子便最终落在了畸人的头上。
[Abstract]:Sherwood Anderson is an important writer in the twentieth Century American literature, with a collection of short stories "grotesques > famous in the book quickly. He portrayed a group of abnormal behavior, thought weird monsters, which is common with aphasia, which cannot communicate effectively with others. For a long time, from from different angles, with different theoretical interpretation be too numerous to enumerate the grotesques in the literature, however, analysis of the causes of the abnormal aphasia is still not sufficient. This will be the aphasia as the research object, to explore the causes of abnormal aphasia from three aspects.
The first chapter from the perspective of language, that language can be referred to by the reliability of language and fracture which leads to abnormal people. Anderson's choice of aphasia is closely related with aphasia as a topic, his personal experience and the background of that time. Anderson had written advertisements from work, is full of false advertising word, word meaning and separation of hate malicious deception cause. At the same time, at the end of nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, the American press popular so-called "yellow report" mode, the mode of promoting sensational headlines, modifying words very emotional, in order to meet the reader's curiosity, to make the reports from in fact, to a certain extent led to the misuse of words, or even abuse, Anderson has the same sniff at. So Anderson in the creation of grotesques < >, intends not to their own language By a deep insight into the text, to show the abnormal people how to reliability of language and lead to misunderstanding and suspicion, communication failure, fear of language, playful attitude. In the process of discussion, in order to avoid a bias, this chapter respectively from the written and spoken language in two aspects of the analysis.
The second chapter on ethics, the focus here is to discuss the grotesque's aphasia is a metaphor, their performance in the pathological significance of aphasia, because the individual's subjectivity construction of frustration, personal free choices are always being oppressed by the collective will, coerced, man's heart sound can not be released, or is released is submerged in the representative collective will voice. At the same time, the second chapter will answer a question from the first chapter: why only the grotesques show the reliability of the language is not sensitive, while the normal and abnormal people are unaware of the reason is that the problem? The grotesques in free choice, the process to make their own sound is actually a seek and establish the subjectivity of the process, and the normal people because they didn't realize the construction of subjectivity, or is the inner spirit There is no awakening, so it is not very sensitive to the unreliability of language.
The third chapter is about the psychological aspect, followed by the second chapter to the grotesques thwarted construction of subjectivity, so that they have a wrong interpretation of the essentialism of their own destiny, which were divided into two kinds, talking and natural born aphasia, understanding the essentialism and further lead to abnormal despair (because of nature can not be changed, so the fate in their view is doomed to be cursed). Here, "despair" is a key of Kerr Kay Gol's religious philosophy, refers to people in the spiritual awakening, negative reaction in the main building after setbacks and produce, which contains two species. Do not want to be self, trying to escape the self and deliberately become self two, we only take a analysis. Do not want to become a primary form of self is imagined his idol, to avoid the self identity. But because of People may not be another person, so this trend will finally lead to self closed, both unable to face others, also cannot face themselves. In this case, the grotesques completely abandoned outside the desire to talk, they eventually fall in aphasia hat on the head of the grotesques.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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