虚无主义视角下的毛姆小说人物研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 08:14

本文关键词：虚无主义视角下的毛姆小说人物研究　出处：《上海师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆是英国文学史上一名多产的小说家,他一生共创作了至少四部长篇小说,一百五十篇短篇小说。国内学界对毛姆的这三部作品发表了林林总总的评论。国外对于毛姆的讨论与研究,重点关注的还是作家本人与其创作的关系,深究毛姆性格生成原因和作品风格的关联。国内对毛姆的研究可以分为两个阶段：1949年以前的相关研究主要是对毛姆作品译介的前言和后记、文学史中对毛姆的简介、报刊文章对其著作的评介等。20世纪70年代末开始,国内学界主要从叙事学和女性主义的角度解读毛姆的作品。毛姆小说创作的高峰期位于两次世界大战之间。受两次世界大战以及当时欧洲流行哲学因素的影响,毛姆的小说创作有着浓厚的虚无主义色彩。而这一点却被大多数的国内外评论家们极大地忽视了。基于此,本文从虚无主义的视角,以毛姆的三部长篇小说《人生的枷锁》(1915),《月亮与六便士》(1919)和《刀锋》(1944)以及三部短篇小说《雨》、《蒙德拉古勋爵》和《外表与事实》为研究对象,探讨其作品中的人物特征。论文共分为四个部分。第一章介绍虚无主义的理论渊源,主要解读尼采的“消极的虚无主义”与“积极的虚无主义”的区别,从而寻找尼采的虚无主义在毛姆小说中的踪迹。第二章探讨尼采的虚无主义对毛姆创作观的影响,以及毛姆的虚无主义思想在其小说创作中的表现。第三章从虚无主义的视角,分别对《人生的枷锁》、《月亮与六便士》、《刀锋》三部长篇小说以及三部短篇小说《雨》、《蒙德拉古勋爵》和《外表与事实》进行人物分析,着重剖析毛姆作品中的虚无主义色彩。通过上述分析,本文最后在结语部分归纳了毛姆小说人物中虚无主义特征的几个方面,即人物的异化感、迷茫感和徒劳意识,以及内心的非理性力量。通过上述分析,我们不难发现,毛姆作品中的这些人物极具代表性,不仅集中体现了他们所处的时代,而且也是许多现代人的一个缩影。因此,细细品读毛姆的长短篇小说会引发我们对人类社会人性的深思。毛姆小说中的人物大都挣扎在理想与现实之间的两难境地,内心充满了在积极与消极的矛盾心理。他们一方面对现实失望之极,个人的价值观丧失；但另一方面他们对人生有充满了憧憬,仍为了心中的理想境地而为之努力。在个人价值体系的解构和建构之间,毛姆笔下的人物彰显了尼采所说的消极虚无主义与积极虚无主义。
[Abstract]:William Somerset Maum is a British literary history a prolific novelist, he wrote at least four novels, one hundred and fifty short stories. The domestic scholars on the three works of Maugham made numerous comments. Maugham abroad for discussion and research, and focus on the relationship or the writer and his writing. Association Maugham probe character formation reason and style of the works. The domestic study on Maugham can be divided into two stages: before 1949, the related research is mainly on the works of Maugham's translation of the foreword and afterword, introduction to Maugham's literary history, newspaper articles on the work of the review of the.20 century starts at the end of 70s, the domestic academic circles the main interpretation of the narrative from the perspective of feminism and Maugham's works.
Maugham's novels in the peak of the two World War. By two world wars and the influence factors of popular philosophy in Europe at that time, Maugham's novels have a strong sense of nihilism. And it is most domestic and foreign critics largely ignored. Based on this, this article from the perspective of nihilism, to Maugham's three novels: the shackles of life "(1915)," the moon and six pence (1919) > > and < the blade (1944) and three short stories "Rain > > and < <, Lord Mond Lago appearance and fact > as the research object, to explore the characters in his works.
This paper is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the theoretical origin of nihilism, the main difference between the interpretation of Nietzsche's "negative nihilism" and "positive nihilism", in order to find Nietzsche's nihilism in Maugham's novels. The second chapter discusses the traces of Nietzsche's nihilism of Maugham's view of creation, and nihilism Maugham in her novels. The third chapter from the perspective of nihilism, the shackles of life < >, < > moon and six pence, "blade > three novels and three short stories" Rain >, < > and < Richmond, Laguna appearance and fact > figure analysis, emphatically analysis of nihilism color in Maugham's works. Through the above analysis, this paper finally in the epilogue sums up several aspects of nihilism characteristics of Maugham characters in the novel, namely people's sense of alienation, confusion and futility. Knowledge, and innermost irrational forces.
Through the above analysis, we find that these characters are very representative in Maugham's works, not only embodies the age they are in, and is also a microcosm of many modern people. Therefore, careful reading of Maugham's novels and short stories will lead us to the human society human thinking. The characters in Maugham's Novels most of the dilemma in the struggle between ideal and reality, the heart is full of positive and negative psychological contradictions. On the one hand, the reality of their disappointment, loss of personal values; but on the other hand, their life is full of expectation, efforts are still to the hearts of the ideal place for deconstruction. Between personal value system and the construction, the characters of Maugham shows that Nietzsche said negative nihilism and positive nihilism.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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