从生态女性主义角度解读《姑娘们和女人们的生活》与《逃离》中的逃离历程

发布时间：2018-01-18 01:18

本文关键词：从生态女性主义角度解读《姑娘们和女人们的生活》与《逃离》中的逃离历程　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：加拿大著名当代短篇小说家艾丽丝·门罗(Alice Munro)被称为世界上最有影响力的小说家之一，她擅长在作品中刻画平凡女性的普通生活，并伴随大量的生态环境描写。《姑娘们和女人们的生活》与《逃离》分别是她1971年与2004年的作品，门罗在这两部短篇小说集中不仅刻画了女性由于受到男权社会的压迫而不得不选择的逃离，并且描绘了自然生态在人类社会的快速发展下遭到的破坏，这恰恰构成了生态女性主义思想的消解对象：男性与女性的二元对立以及文明与自然的二元对立。生态女性主义认为女性等同于自然，男性等同于文明，任何不把这两种二元对立联系起来的女性主义理论和环境伦理都是不充分的。因此本文旨在运用生态女性主义思想研究《姑娘们和女人们的生活》与《逃离》中女性在男权社会的压迫下而不得不选择的逃离社会、逃离男性与逃离自我，，由此揭露人类社会中的一系列失衡问题：生态与文明的失衡、女性与社会的失衡、女性与男性的失衡以及女性与自我的失衡。本论文采用文本分析方法，共包括三部分。第一章应用生态女性思想分析两部作品所体现出的女性与社会间的矛盾。戴拉与文明社会的一系列摩擦使她鄙夷城市的浮华且一直怀念着过去享受的美好自然风光；泰萨作为自然的象征离开自然进入社会后终被迫害与抛弃。女性与自然的对等和女性对文明社会逃离的渴望彰显了女性与社会、自然与文明关系的失衡。第二章从生态女性主义角度探究女性与男性间的矛盾。劳伦在门罗的笔下不断接受着反抗男性权威的洗礼，孕育着其未来的逃离；戴拉对男性价值观的否认终导致其爱情的失败和对男性的逃离；卡拉在女性意识的懵懂觉醒后踏上逃离丈夫的旅程却中途放弃，继续着她渴望逃离的心理挣扎。女性对男性的逃离凸显了女性与男性关系的失衡。第三章通过生态女性主义理论研究女性与自我间的矛盾。戴拉的母亲—艾迪的自我矛盾是对其生态女性思想的自我的逃离；朱丽叶向男权社会屈服而逃离女权意识的自我；格雷斯不断逃离自我直到受到了激情的鼓舞却意外发现坚守自我的结局是自我毁灭；若冰在回归自我的希望中却被命运戏弄，终继续着对自我的逃离。女性对自我的逃离表明了女性与自我关系的失衡。本论文的研究表明：小说集《姑娘们和女人们的生活》与《逃离》验证了二元论和父权制是危害女性与自然的罪魁祸首，体现了艾丽丝·门罗对女性命运的深刻思考和对自然生态的无限关怀，她对生态与文明、女性与社会、女性与男性以及女性与自我关系失衡的抒写表达出了自己对生态和谐、社会和谐与两性和谐的深刻期盼。
[Abstract]:Alice Munroh, a famous Canadian contemporary short story writer, is known as one of the most influential novelists in the world. She is good at portraying the ordinary life of ordinary women in her works. Along with a large number of ecological descriptions. "the lives of girls and women" and "escape" are her works of 1971 and 2004, respectively. In these two short stories Monroe not only depicts the women who have to flee because of the oppression of the patriarchal society but also describes the destruction of natural ecology under the rapid development of human society. This is exactly what constitutes the dispelling object of eco-feminism: the dualistic opposition between men and women and the dualistic opposition between civilization and nature. Ecological feminism holds that women are equal to nature and men are to civilization. Any feminist theory and environmental ethics that do not link these two dualism together are not sufficient. Therefore, this paper aims to use ecological feminism to study "the lives of girls and women" and "escape" Women in the patriarchal society under the oppression and had to choose to flee the society. Escaping from the male and escaping from self reveals a series of imbalance problems in human society: the imbalance between ecology and civilization the imbalance between women and society the imbalance between women and men and the imbalance between women and self. This thesis adopts the method of text analysis. The first chapter analyzes the contradiction between women and society embodied in the two works. A series of frictions between Della and civilized society make her despise the splendor of the city and miss the past. The beautiful natural scenery; Tessa, as a symbol of nature, was persecuted and abandoned after leaving nature to enter the society. The equality of women and nature and the desire of women to escape from civilized society showed women and society. The second chapter explores the contradiction between women and men from the angle of ecological feminism. Lauren is constantly accepting the baptism of resisting the authority of men in Monroe's works and pregnant with his escape in the future. Della's denial of male values eventually led to his failure in love and his escape from men; Kara steps on the journey away from her husband after the awakening of female consciousness, but gives up halfway. She continues her psychological struggle to escape. Women's escape from men highlights the imbalance between women and men. Chapter 3 studies the contradiction between women and self through the theory of ecological feminism. Della's mother-Eddie's. Self-contradiction is the escape of the ego of its ecological female thought; Juliet succumbs to the patriarchal society and escapes from the feminist consciousness; Grace kept running away from himself until he was inspired by passion, only to discover unexpectedly that the end of sticking to himself was self-destruction; Ruobing is teased by fate in the hope of returning to self and continues to escape from self. The female escape of self shows the imbalance between female and self. The study of this thesis shows that the collection of novels "Girls and Women's Life" and "escape" proves that dualism and patriarchy are the chief culprits that harm women and nature. It's a reflection of Alice Monroe's profound thinking about the fate of women and her boundless concern for the natural ecology, her concern for ecology and civilization, and for women and society. The imbalance between women and men and between women and themselves expresses their deep expectation for ecological harmony, social harmony and gender harmony.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I711.074

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