《远离尘嚣》的生态伦理解读

发布时间：2018-01-18 07:13

本文关键词：《远离尘嚣》的生态伦理解读　出处：《江西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：托马斯·哈代被公认为是英国乃至全世界最杰出的作家之一，他擅长于描写自然，描写他的家乡英格兰西南部乡村传统的宗法制生活。《远离尘嚣》在他的小说写作生涯中占有非常重要的地位。这是哈代吸引读者和文学批评者关注的第一部小说。“威塞克斯”首次出现在这部小说中，此后哈代创作了一系列著名的性格与环境小说。本文介绍和分析了生态伦理学发展历程中盛行的各种思想潮流的合理之处与缺陷，如人类中心主义观点、动物解放论与动物权利论、生物中心主义和生态中心主义及深层生态学和生物共同体观念等。在此基础上，本文以《远离尘嚣》为例，从生态伦理学的视角探讨哈代作品中自然的固有价值与平等权利，人类与自然之间的和谐关系等，以便全面了解作家的生态伦理思想。本文共分6部分。第一章主要介绍了哈代的生平和创作背景，以及之前国内外对作家的研究。第二章系统介绍生态伦理批评概况。伴随环境问题的加剧，环保运动的兴起和人类生态伦理意识的提高，涌现出许多不同的生态伦理观点，本章分析了这些生态伦理思想对于环境保护和生态稳定的利弊。生态伦理学家认为，自然作为一个独立主体有其自身的内在价值。生态伦理批评角度克服了人类中心主义的狭隘，强调人类能够与自然包括动物和谐共处。哈代的自然视角和生态伦理观点与现代生态伦理学家高度一致。第三章从三个方面讨论哈代的生态伦理思想来源：首先，哈代的早期乡村生活经历对其思想留下了持久影响，培养了作家热爱自然、崇敬自然的态度，使得自然成为了作者小说创作的灵感来源；其次，，作家对英国浪漫主义传统的继承和受到当代哲学思潮的冲击。哈代通过广泛阅读华兹华斯等浪漫主义诗人以及达尔文的进化论，形成了自己的独特的生态伦理观点；第三，作家所处时代是其思想成形的大背景、大环境。哈代生活的英国维多利亚时代正处于工业革命时期，自然环境和传统的宗法制乡村生活受到严重破坏，因此作者倡导失去土地失去家园的劳苦大众通过远离尘嚣，回归自然来改善他们的生存状况。第四章以《远离尘嚣》为例，从土地伦理、动物和植物伦理、生态难民和神生态四个方面着手，详细分析这部作品中所体现的自然的非工具性价值以及人类与动物之间的和谐关系等，以期全面了解作家的整个生态伦理思想及其表现方式。第五章从三个方面探索《远离尘嚣》中反映出的作家生态伦理思想方面存在的某些局限和矛盾之处。哈代毕竟不是一位现代生态伦理学家，其生态伦理思想受到时代的限制，然而，这丝毫不影响作家本人及其作品的独特魅力。首先，尽管作家非常强调大自然作为人类的朋友和生存的家园具有不容忽视的内在价值，但是实用主义原则在哈代作品中的体现仍然比较明显。其次，哈代称赞小说人物对自然中的花草树木和小动物的爱护和悉心照顾，但是当这份爱心与人类利益发生冲突时，作者认为应该首要考虑人的感受。第三，哈代的作品中弥漫着一种对命运不确定性的悲观主义色彩，这样容易忽视人的主观能动作用，影响作家生态伦理思想的发展完善。最后一部分得出结论：从生态伦理角度对《远离尘嚣》的深入探讨和分析对于读者全面理解作家及其作品以及从同一角度和其他视角解读哈代的其他性格与环境小说都将有所启发与帮助。此外，哈代的生态伦理思想对于处于转型时期的中国社会正面临的一系列环境和社会问题的解决也具有借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:Thomas Hardy is recognized as one of the UK and the world's most distinguished writer, he is good at describing the nature, describing his hometown in southwest England rural traditional patriarchal life. > > away from the city, occupies a very important position in his novel writing career. This is Hardy to attract readers and critics pay attention to the first novel. "Wessex" first appeared in the novel, Hardy has since created a series of famous novels of character and environment. Shortcomings and defects are introduced and analyzed various ideological trend in the development of ecological ethics, such as anthropocentrism, animal liberation theory and animal rights theory, anthropocentrism and ecological anthropocentrism and deep ecology and biological community concept. Based on this, this paper takes < > away from the city as an example, from the perspective of ecological ethics The natural values of nature and equal rights in Hardy's works and the harmonious relationship between human and nature are discussed in order to fully understand the author's ecological ethics.
This article is divided into 6 parts. The first chapter mainly introduces the life and creation background of Hardy, as well as the study of writers at home and abroad.
The second chapter describes the system of Ecological Ethics Criticism with profiles. The serious environmental problems, environment protection and human ecological ethics awareness, the emergence of many different ecological ethics view, this chapter analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these ecological ethics for environmental protection and ecological stability. Ecological ethicists think of nature as an independent subject the intrinsic value of its own. The ecological ethical criticismchanges the anthropocentrism is narrow, stressed that humans can coexist with the nature including animal harmony. Natural perspective and ecological ethics view of Hardy and modern ecological ethicists are highly consistent.
The third chapter discusses the origin of Hardy's ecological ethics from three aspects: firstly, Hardy's early life experiences of the rural thought left a lasting influence, cultivate writers love nature, respect the natural attitude, makes naturally become the writer's writing inspiration; secondly, the writer inherited the British Romantic tradition and by the impact of contemporary philosophy. Through extensive reading of Wordsworth Hardy and the romantic poet Darwin's theory of evolution, formed its own unique ecological ethics; third, the writer at the time background, the idea of forming the environment. The life of Hardy, British Vitoria era is in the period of industrial revolution, the natural environment and traditional the cases in the legal system of rural life has been severely damaged, so the author advocates the loss of land lost their homes by working people away from the hubbub of self regression To improve their living conditions.
In the fourth chapter of < > away from the land ethics, for example, animal and plant four aspects of ecological ethics, ecological refugees and God to the analysis embodied in the works of the natural non instrumental value and the harmonious relationship between human and animal, in order to understand the ecological ethics and the writer comprehensive performance.
The fifth chapter explores some limitations and contradictions "from there reflects the hubbub > writers in the ecological ethics thought from three aspects. Hardy is not a modern ecological ethics, the ecological ethics thought by the time limit, however, did not affect the unique charm of this writer and his works. First, although the writer that very nature as human friends and home life has intrinsic value can not be ignored, but reflect the principle of pragmatism in the works of Hardy are still relatively obvious. Secondly, Hardy praised the characters of natural flowers and trees and small animal care and care, but in the event of a conflict between this love and human interests, the author that should be the primary consideration of the feelings of the people. In third, Hardy's work filled with a kind of uncertain fate of pessimism, this kind of content It is easy to ignore the subjective and dynamic role of the people, which affects the development and perfection of the author's ecological ethics.
The last part is conclusion: away from the hubbub of < > from the perspective of ecological ethics of the in-depth discussion and analysis for the readers to fully understand the author and his works as well as from the same angle and other perspective to interpret Hardy's other novels of character and environment will inspire and help. In addition, it also has reference value to solve a series of problems of ecological environment and society Hardy's ethics in the transition period for China facing the society.

【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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