《野草在歌唱》中的悲剧人物形象分析

发布时间：2018-01-20 14:18

本文关键词： 《野草在歌唱》女性主义后殖民主义新历史主义悲剧　出处：《赣南师范学院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：多丽丝·莱辛（1919-）被认为是当代英国最重要的作家之一，也被誉为是继伍尔夫（Woolf）之后，英国最伟大地女性作家之一。她不仅长寿，而且创作生命也很旺盛。她一生不断地转变写作类型，但始终没变的是那一代人对于社会持之以恒的关注。英国文学传统，特别是19世纪现实主义传统及创作手法，是她一生的创作基调。《野草在歌唱》就是她早期创作的一部反映现实主义题材的小说。《野草在歌唱》讲述的是女主人公玛丽在西方殖民主义与男权中心的双重枷锁下，找不到自己合适的位置。家庭里受丈夫主宰，社会中受白人排挤，因而内心世界逐渐失衡直至精神错乱的悲剧故事。小说还描写了黑人摩西对自我身份的追寻，虽然最后以失败告终，但其表现出来的颠覆潜能，预言了殖民统治的瓦解。另外，小说对白人社团内部殖民者对穷苦白人的剥削和压迫的刻画，也反映了殖民统治行将末日的先兆。整部小说传达了作者对殖民统治下白人女性生存困境的深切关注，对受压迫的非洲人民的同情和对殖民统治的强烈谴责。本论文认为，《野草在歌唱》中所有的人物都是悲剧性人物。为了更准确深入地揭示人物的命运和产生的社会根源，，论文针对小说中的三种人物类型—女性，黑人和殖民者—分别采取了女性主义批评，后殖民主义批评和新历史主义等文学批评方法。经过论证，论文发现以下结果：一、以玛丽为代表的女性，在男权统治的社会里，无法按自己的意愿选择自己的生活，婚前不能选择独身，婚后又失去了工作的权利，只能从属于丈夫或男性。玛丽最后被摩西杀死的悲剧是整个社会对女性摧残的结果，而不仅仅是摩西的过错；二、以摩西为代表的黑人，在白人殖民的土地上，他们失去了主人的地位，只能为白人充当廉价的劳动力，受尽他们的剥削和歧视。摩西身上寄托了作者莱辛对黑人的期许，他身上有普通黑人身上没有的善良、温情、教养和尊严。用《摩西十诫》中的“摩西”作为小说中黑人代表的名字，传达了莱辛对黑人种族的同情，也肯定了黑人对白人殖民反抗力量的正义性；三、同样身为白人，莱辛对白人殖民者作了无情的揭示和鞭挞。在白人殖民者内部，早已失去了应有的团结、互助、友情和和谐。他们为了各自的利益勾心斗角，互相利用。除了迪克和托尼等明显的失败者外，查理这类表面上胜利了的白人殖民者，实际上也是失败的殖民者。试想，当他把周围所有的土地都利用完了，所有可利用的穷苦白人都剥削光了之后，他不会有更多的土地和人手来繁殖他的牛群。因此，他也是真正的悲剧人物。
[Abstract]:Doris Lessing 1919-19 is considered one of the most important writers in contemporary England, and one of the greatest female writers in Britain after Woolf. And the creative life is also very prosperous. She constantly changes the type of writing throughout her life, but what remains unchanged is the persistent concern of her generation for the society. English literary tradition. In 19th century, the tradition and technique of realism was the keynote of her whole life. "the Wild Grass singing" is a novel that reflected the realistic theme in her early creation. The Wild Grass is about Mary, the heroine, who, under the dual yoke of Western colonialism and patriarchy, cannot find her place. The family is dominated by her husband, and the society is excluded by white people. Therefore, the inner world is gradually out of balance until the tragic story of insanity. The novel also describes the pursuit of self-identity by Negro Moses, which ended in failure, but showed its subversive potential. In addition, the novel depicts the exploitation and oppression of the poor whites by the colonists within the white community. The novel conveys the author's deep concern for the plight of white women under colonial rule, sympathy for the oppressed African people and strong condemnation of colonial rule. In order to reveal the fate and social origin of the characters more accurately and deeply, the thesis aims at the three types of characters in the novel, that is, women. Negro and colonists have adopted feminist criticism, post-colonial criticism and new historicism, respectively. After demonstration, the paper finds the following results: first, the female represented by Mary. In the patriarchal society, they can not choose their own life according to their own wishes, can not choose to be single before marriage, and lost the right to work after marriage. The tragedy that Mary was killed by Moses was the result of the destruction of women by the whole society, not just Moses' fault; Second, the Negro represented by Moses, in the white colonial land, they lost the status of masters, can only serve as cheap labor for white people. To suffer their exploitation and discrimination, Moses placed on the author Lessing's expectations of the Negro, he has the ordinary black people do not have the kindness, warmth. Using Moses in the Ten Commandments of Moses as the name of the black representative in the novel, Lessing's sympathy for the black race is conveyed, and the justice of the black people against the white colonial resistance is affirmed. Third, as a white, Lessing made a ruthless revelation and flogging to the white colonists. Within the white colonists, they had already lost the unity and mutual assistance they deserved. Friendship and harmony. They play each other out for their own good. Except for obvious losers like Dick and Tony, apparently victorious white colonists like Charlie. It was actually a failed colonizer. Imagine that when he had used up all the land around him, all the poor whites at his disposal had been exploited. He will not have more land and human hands to breed his cattle. Therefore, he is also a real tragedy.
【学位授予单位】：赣南师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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