对《玻璃动物园》中焦虑的心理透视

发布时间：2018-01-21 01:12

本文关键词： 田纳西·威廉姆斯《玻璃动物园》心理分析焦虑　出处：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：田纳西·威廉姆斯是美国二战后一位杰出的剧作家。他创作了许多非常成功的剧本,包括《玻璃动物园》、《欲望号街车》、《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》、《夏天与烟雾》和《夏天的突变》等。威廉姆斯作品里的人物通常处于绝望的困境中：他们孤独、被遗忘、被误解、遭人鄙视、贫穷不堪,他们自己没法摆脱困境也没人帮助他们。此外,他们中的大多数都有一个共同特点一焦虑。焦虑在田纳西·威廉姆斯的成名作《玻璃动物园》中得到了很好的体现。《玻璃动物园》是关于不幸的温弗里德一家人的故事。他们住在圣路易斯的破旧廉租房里,过着悲惨的生活。温弗里德家的每一个人,不管是单身母亲阿曼达,还是她的两个成年子女劳拉和汤姆,都在严重的焦虑中绝望地挣扎本文通过弗洛伊德的焦虑理论和防御机制理论分析了《玻璃动物园》中的人物所遭受的各种焦虑以使读者能从他们的心理困境中吸取教训。引言部分介绍了剧作家田纳西·威廉姆斯、剧本《玻璃动物园》和有关该剧本的文献综述,最后引出了本论文的研究问题。该论文的主体分为四章。第一章是理论框架：西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的人格理论,焦虑理论和防御机制理论。第二章讲述了劳拉、阿曼达和汤姆的各种焦虑。频繁折磨劳拉的惊恐反应,是神经焦虑的一种；阿曼达所遭受的是客观焦虑一她非常担心这个家庭的未来,特别是劳拉的未来；汤姆所遭受的是道德焦虑一他因自己抛弃可怜的姐姐而深感愧疚。第三章着重分析了劳拉、阿曼达和汤姆所遭受的焦虑的起因。劳拉的神经焦虑是她长期严重的性压抑的结果,正是劳拉人格中的自我和本我之间的冲突导致了这种性压抑。阿曼达的客观焦虑是由阿曼达人格中的自我和现实之间的冲突引起的：阿曼达的自我难以承受残酷的现实的打击。汤姆遭受道德焦虑是因为汤姆人格中的自我和超我发生了严重冲突：他的自我受到了超我的惩罚一他因抛弃无助的姐姐而受到自己良心的惩罚。第四章讨论了劳拉、阿曼达和汤姆有意识或无意识地为摆脱焦虑而采取的措施。当自我感到焦虑,自我会发动防御机制,采取防御措施来应对无法忍受的焦虑。劳拉的自我采取的防御措施是置换(Displacement):劳拉在外面的世界里处处受挫、处处被拒,所以她只好退缩到她的小世界里摆弄她的玻璃饰品和旧唱片。阿曼达的自我采取的措施是固着(Fixation):她慌乱地抓住过去不放,经常沉浸在那些虚幻的少女时代的浪漫爱情故事里以逃避令人痛苦的现实。汤姆的自我采取的是脱离(Undoing):他尽一切努力去摆脱关于姐姐的记忆以使自己不再感到愧疚。最后,本文得出结论：劳拉、阿曼达和汤姆都迷失在各自的焦虑中,他们试图摆脱焦虑,却都没有成功,因为他们没有认清自己的焦虑的性质和起因,因而没能采取切实有效的办法摆脱焦虑；他们只是以不同的方式试图忘掉或逃避痛苦的焦虑,这样只能使他们暂时免受焦虑折磨,最终无法真正地摆脱焦虑。
[Abstract]:Tennessee Williams is the United States after World War II, a distinguished playwright. He wrote many successful plays, including the < < > glass zoo, a Streetcar Named Desire "," cat on a hot tin roof "," summer and smoke "and" summer >. Mutations in Williams's works are usually in a desperate plight of people in their lonely, forgotten, misunderstood, despised, poor, they can't get rid of the plight of no one to help them. In addition, most of them have a common characteristic of anxiety as "glass zoo > is well reflected in the fame of Tennessee Williams.
< > is a glass zoo winfrid unfortunately one family story. They live in dilapidated low rent housing in Saint Louis, lived a miserable life. Everyone winfrid home, whether it is single mother Amanda, or her two adult children, Lara and Tom, are in desperate need of severe anxiety.
Based on Freud's theory of anxiety and defense mechanism, this paper analyzes all kinds of anxieties suffered by characters in < < glass zoo > > so that readers can learn from their psychological difficulties.
The introduction introduces the playwright Tennessee Williams, the drama glass zoo and the literature review of the play, and finally leads to the research questions in this paper.
The main body of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the theoretical framework: Sigmund Floyd's personality theory, the theory of anxiety and the theory of defense mechanism.
The second chapter tells the story of Lara, Amanda and Tom. All kinds of anxiety panic reaction frequent torture Lara, is a neurotic; Amanda is tortured by objective anxiety she is very worried about the future of the family, especially Lara's future; Tom is tortured by moral anxiety he abandoned because of their poor my sister felt so ashamed.
The third chapter focuses on the analysis of Lara, Amanda and Tom cause of anxiety. Lara suffered nervous anxiety is result of her long-term serious sexual repression, is the conflict between the ego and the ID Lara led to this repression. Amanda's objective anxiety by Amanda is the conflict between ego and reality caused by: Amanda's self to bear the cruel reality of the strike. Tom suffered a moral anxiety because of the occurrence of a serious conflict between Tom ego and superego: his ego is punished by his superego --- he was abandoned helpless sister is punished by his conscience.
The fourth chapter discusses Lara, Amanda and Tom, consciously or unconsciously, in order to get rid of the anxiety and take measures. If I feel anxiety, self will launch a defense mechanism to take defensive measures to cope with the unbearable anxiety. Self defense measures taken Lara's replacement (Displacement): Lara in the outside world everywhere frustrated, everywhere was refused, so she had to retreat to her small world with her glass ornaments and old records. Amanda's self measures is fixed (Fixation): she was holding on to the past, often immersed in the illusion of girlhood romance to escape the painful reality. Tom's self is taken from (Undoing): all his efforts to get rid of the memory in order to make their sister no longer feel guilty.
Finally, this paper draws a conclusion: Lara, Amanda and Tom are lost in their anxiety, they try to get rid of the anxiety, but without success, because they do not recognize the nature and causes of their anxiety, and thus unable to adopt effective measures to get rid of the anxiety; they just in a different way to try to forget or avoid pain the anxiety, this can make them temporarily from anxieties, ultimately unable to really get rid of anxiety.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.073

【参考文献】