从莫尔索到希达特尔塔—“局外人”精神探索之路

发布时间：2018-01-22 03:25

本文关键词： 荒诞无意义死亡狂喜无意识自我解脱　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：局外人最初来自加缪的同名作品《局外人》。这一形象自诞生以来，人们对它的讨论便没有停止过。更多的人乐意将局外人同荒谬、无意义、冷漠、无意识等名词联系在一起，但是很少有人注意到局外人这一拥有特殊精神世界的人物是如何产生的，他们的痛苦因何而来，他们是否能够得救，他们面临怎样的挑战和任务，他们是否拥有未来，他们的终点在何处？上述问题将构成本文的论说中心。本文将以《局外人》中的莫尔索和他在精神上的兄弟——《恶心》中的洛根丁为起点，讨论局外人对世界荒谬和无意义的体验以及这种体验的本质——荒谬与无意义来自人与世界之间关系的丧失。而这样的体验则来自于死亡对人的启示，本文以托尔斯泰等人的文本解释这种强烈的生命经历给人带来的情感、信念和生活上的冲击。在这种看似让人绝望的体验中却隐藏着一个良机——对生命的重新认识。真正的局外人由这种新的认识而诞生——他们并非冷漠孤立的人，而是已经从世俗生活中或者渴望从世俗生活中脱离的人，，他们要超越死亡，与世界建立全新的关系——人与神的关系。当局外人踏上探索他们自我的旅程时，他们发现他们面临着比在以往生命中遇到的更困难的问题——他们由于某种强烈的精神体验而领悟到的那种完美的精神世界并非能够轻易获得。那需要持久地付出、努力和尝试，这其中最大的挑战就是在探索自己内在世界时发现，人类无意识世界充满了疯狂的危险，而要实现他们的目标，这是不可回避的。局外人面对的另一个困难来自于他所生活的环境，那就是它对人的个性的束缚。本文将结合陀思妥耶夫斯基作品中的人物讨论什么是人的自我，它的形成过程以及它给人带来的痛苦以及局外人为从自我中解脱所付出的汗水。同时也将讨论局外人存在的环境给他们的成长和成熟造成的障碍以及他们如何克服这一障碍。本文还将讨论局外人如何从自我与摩耶中解脱以及解脱后的精神体验以及不同的局外人选择的不同的探索途径。本文的目的在于将孤立地存在于西方文学中，具有相同或相似精神气质的形象联系起来，使其能够在一个统一的立场上得到系统的观照，同时试图为看似个别的人物和精神现象寻找具有更深层意义的解释。这个立场就是，所谓的局外人并非是一个新的和孤立的形象，他有自我特殊的心理历程和精神诉求，他本不应该被理解为经历过异化的古怪之人，而是一位寻找更高幸福的探索者。而这个形象的意义在于，他的追求代表着所有人的最高追求，他的痛苦和努力也是所有人必定要经历的痛苦和努力，局外人对所有人都具有真实的意义，他就是所有人，他们是所有人的未来。
[Abstract]:The outsider originally came from Camus' work of the same name "outsider". This image has not stopped since it was born. More people are willing to treat the outsider as absurd, meaningless and indifferent. Nouns such as unconsciousness are linked, but few people notice how the outsider, a figure with a special spiritual world, is born, where their pain comes from, and whether they can be saved. What challenges and tasks do they face, do they have a future, and where do they end? The above questions will form the center of this thesis. This article will start with Morso in outsider and Loganding in his spiritual brother, "nausea". Discuss the outsider's absurd and meaningless experience of the world and the essence of the experience-absurd and meaningless from the loss of the relationship between man and the world, and such experience comes from the revelation of death to man. In this paper, Tolstoy et al.'s text is used to explain the emotion brought by this kind of strong life experience. The impact of faith and life. In this seemingly desperate experience, there is a good opportunity to rediscover life. True outsiders are born out of this new understanding-- they are not aloof and isolated. . They are those who have been or desire to be separated from worldly life, who must transcend death and establish a new relationship with the world-the relationship between man and God. When outsiders embark on their journey to explore themselves. They find that they face more difficult problems than they have ever had in their lives-- the kind of perfect mental world that they perceive as a result of some kind of intense spiritual experience is not easily available. It takes a lot of time to pay for it. Out. The biggest challenge in trying and trying is to discover that the human unconscious world is full of crazy dangers and to achieve their goals as they explore their inner world. This is unavoidable. Another difficulty faced by an outsider comes from the circumstances in which he lives. This paper will discuss what is the human self combined with the characters in Dostoevsky's works. The process of its formation, the pain it brings and the sweat that outsiders pay to extricate themselves. The obstacles to their growth and maturity caused by the presence of outsiders will also be discussed. Take this obstacle. This article will also discuss how outsiders are liberated from themselves and Moyer and their spiritual experiences after liberation and how different outsiders choose different approaches to exploration. The purpose of this paper is to connect the images with the same or similar spiritual temperament in the western literature so that they can be viewed systematically in a unified position. At the same time, it tries to find deeper explanations for seemingly individual characters and spiritual phenomena. This position is that the so-called outsider is not a new and isolated image. He has his own special psychological process and spiritual appeal, he should not be understood as a strange person who has experienced alienation, but a seeker for higher happiness. The meaning of this image lies in. His pursuit represents the highest pursuit of all, his pain and effort is also the pain and effort of all people must experience, outsiders have real meaning to all, he is all. They are the future of all.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.4

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