毛姆《刀锋》中拉里的主体建构

发布时间：2018-01-23 03:04

本文关键词： 毛姆《刀锋》拉里福柯自我关怀主体建构　出处：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：威廉·萨默赛特·毛姆被誉为“英国的莫泊桑”,一生著述丰厚,包括长篇小说、短篇小说、戏剧、散文、游记等。毛姆的长篇小说有一个共同主题,即自我追寻与精神探索。本论文以法国哲学家米歇尔·福柯的生存美学中关于自我关怀的理论为参照,集中分析毛姆长篇《刀锋》主人公拉里的主体建构,以此来探讨毛姆作品中所追求的精神境界。福柯指出,“生存美学”的重点在于“自我构成为主体”,鼓励当代人将希望寄托于自身,构建真正的自我。生存美学是一种个体的生存实践,它主张伦理关注的重点应该是个人与自身的关系,呼唤人们关心个体的生存目的。本论文分为三章。第一章探讨《刀锋》主人公拉里主体建构的原因：外部原因与内部原因。外部原因为一战后复杂的社会背景,拉里在此背景中开始思索人生,关注自我；内部原因为拉里的身份危机导致的自我意识的觉醒。第二章追索拉里主体建构的过程。此过程包括三个步骤,主体建构的开端是拉里自省的过程。他拒绝继续留在芝加哥做一名股票经纪人,而选择单独前往巴黎“晃膀子”。通过对自我的关怀与认知,拉里提出一系列关于善恶的问题,开始了寻找答案、自我提升的过程,这期间包括广泛阅读书籍、参加宗教活动、做劳工等。在精神旅行的最后一站印度,他受到《奥义书》的启发,寻找到了人生的终极真理。第三章总结拉里主体建构的结果。首先,拉里通过主体建构,回归了“无私”,实现了自由；其次,他的灵魂最终得到宁静,过上了充满哲学意义的生活,这样的生活重视精神体验与精神发展。基于文本分析,本文得出结论：拉里的主体建构是拉里的自我意识觉醒后的主动行为,其主体建构的原因、过程和结果体现了一种福柯式的生存美学,即主体通过自身的技术,或向他人寻求帮助来改变身体、精神、行为和灵魂。完成主体建构的人将达到某种完整、幸福、和永恒的状态。
[Abstract]:William Somerset Maugham, known as "Maupassant of England," has written a rich life of novels, short stories, dramas, essays, travels, etc. Maugham's novels have a common theme. Referring to the theory of self-care in the French philosopher Michele Foucault's survival aesthetics, this thesis focuses on the subjective construction of Larry, the protagonist of Maugham's long novel "Blade". To explore the spiritual realm pursued in Maugham's works. Foucault pointed out that the emphasis of "survival aesthetics" lies in "self-constitution as the main body", which encourages contemporary people to place their hopes on themselves and build a true self. Survival aesthetics is a kind of individual survival practice. It advocates that the focus of ethical concern should be on the relationship between the individual and himself, calling people to care about the survival purpose of the individual. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the main construction reasons of the protagonist Larry: external reason and internal reason. The external reason is the complicated social background after the first World War. In this background, Larry begins to think about life and pay attention to himself. The internal cause is Larry's identity crisis caused by the awakening of self-consciousness. The second chapter follows the process of Solari's subject construction, which consists of three steps. The beginning of the subject construction is Larry's introspection. He refuses to stay in Chicago as a stockbroker. Choosing to go to Paris alone, Larry asked a series of questions about good and evil and began the process of self-improvement, including extensive reading of books. In India, the last stop of spiritual travel, he was inspired by the Utopia to find the ultimate truth of life. The third chapter summarizes the results of Larry's subject construction. Firstly, Larry returns to "selflessness" and realizes freedom through the construction of the subject. Secondly, his soul was finally tranquil and lived a life full of philosophical significance, which attached importance to spiritual experience and spiritual development. Based on the text analysis, this paper draws a conclusion that the subject construction of Larry is the active behavior of Larry after the awakening of self-consciousness, and the reason, process and result of the subject construction embody a Foucault aesthetics of existence. That is, the subject changes the body, mind, behavior and soul through his own technology or seeking help from others. The person who completes the construction of the subject will achieve a certain state of integrity, happiness, and eternity.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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