《革命之路》的存在主义解读

发布时间：2018-02-25 06:32

本文关键词： 《革命之路》存在主义荒诞他人自由选择　出处：《华侨大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二战之后,西方各国在物质文明方面取得巨大成就,然而在精神领域内却危机四伏。从二战到冷战，再到麦卡锡时期，一系列的社会现实令很多美国人对生活和未来感到迷茫。理查德·耶茨创作的小说《革命之路》有力地揭露和讽刺了美国荒诞的现实。目前，国内尚无针对理查德·耶茨及其代表作《革命之路》的硕士论文。本论文尝试从加缪的“荒谬”哲学以及萨特有关“他人”和“自由选择”的观点对小说《革命之路》进行解读。在一个荒诞无处不在的世界里，人们希望生活过得有意义和有价值，但却盲目屈从无意义的现实。荒诞就存在于这样的矛盾之中。加缪倡导人们应该认识并且以乐观心态反抗生活中的荒诞。在萨特看来，生活虽然充满荒诞，但是人却是自由的。人的存在离不开具体的“处境”，而他人是最重要的“处境”之一。在他人的影响下，自我成为他人主观世界的对象。“他者是地狱。”不管个人如何感知，如何思考和行动，一切都在他人的注视之中。所幸，，人享有选择的自由。“存在先于本质”。我们生来就像白纸，只有通过不断选择，我们才能使自己具有区别于他人的本质。《革命之路》讲述的是一对夫妻在荒诞世界中挣扎的故事。理查德·耶茨描绘了这样一个世界：人们在二战后趋于保守。他们关心的只是拥有一份稳定工作和在郊区拥有一套公寓。弗兰克意识到他的生活充斥着荒诞，却无力改变自身的命运。他最初也曾极力反抗，但却屈从于社会规训，终被他人意志对象化，甘于成为荒诞社会的又一个受害者。他选择不做选择，和其他人一样走向平庸。爱波则自始至终极力保持个性，在同样的荒诞社会里以不断的选择来赋予自己新的本质。不论他们做何选择，重要的是他们拥有选择的自由。爱波拒绝他人的影响，选择堕胎，选择重新定义自我。虽不幸死去，应该相信她和西弗西斯一样幸福。爱波的言行有些类似于“垮掉的一代”的成员，抵制传统的价值观。她以其经历实践了她对荒诞世界的反抗，通过抵制他人意识的侵犯并进行自由选择，她赋予了自己与众不同的本质。对于同样身处荒诞现实世界中痛苦彷徨的现代人而言，《革命之路》这部小说意味深长。
[Abstract]:After World War II, Western countries made great achievements in material civilization, but in the spiritual field they were in danger. From the second World War to the Cold War, to the McCarthy period, A series of social realities bewildered many Americans about life and the future. Richard Yates's novel, the Road to Revolution, forcefully exposes and satirizes the absurd reality of the United States. At present, There is no master's thesis on Richard Yates and his masterpiece, the Road to Revolution. This thesis attempts to revolutionize the novel from Camus'"absurd" philosophy and Sartre's views on "others" and "free choice". In a world of absurdity and ubiquity, People want to live a meaningful and valuable life, but blindly succumb to meaningless reality. Absurdity exists in such contradictions. Camus advocates that people should recognize and fight against the absurdity of life with optimism. In Sartre's view, Life is full of absurdity, but man is free. The existence of man is inseparable from the concrete "situation", and others are one of the most important "situations". Under the influence of others, The self is the object of the subjective world of others. "the other is hell." No matter how the individual perceives, thinks or acts, everything is in the eyes of others. Fortunately, man has the freedom of choice. "existence precedes nature." We are born like white paper, Only through constant choice can we distinguish ourselves from others. "the Road to Revolution" tells the story of a couple struggling in an absurd world. Richard Yates depicts a world in which people tend to be conservative after World War II. All they care about is a stable job and a stable job. The suburbs have an apartment. Frank realizes that his life is full of absurdity. But he was unable to change his own destiny. He fought hard at first, but succumbed to social discipline, was finally objectified by the will of others, willing to become another victim of the absurd society. He chose not to choose, Like everyone else, Ebor tries to preserve his personality, endow himself with constant choices in the same grotesque society. No matter what choice they make, What matters is that they have the freedom to choose. Eber rejects the influence of others, chooses abortion, chooses to redefine himself. She should be trusted to be as happy as Seversses. Ebo's words and deeds are similar to those of a member of the "broken Generation," who resists traditional values. She has lived through her resistance to the absurd world. By resisting the aggression of other people's consciousness and making free choice, she endowed herself with a distinctive essence. For the modern people, who are also in the absurd real world, the novel "the Road to Revolution" means a lot.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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