《船讯》中克尔凯郭尔的恐惧概念解读

发布时间：2018-02-26 03:30

本文关键词： 安妮·普鲁《船讯》克尔凯郭尔恐惧　出处：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文借助丹麦哲学家克尔凯郭尔的恐惧概念为切入点，分析了美国女作家安妮·普鲁的小说《船讯》中各个人物恐惧的成因、表现以及解决方式。《船讯》是普鲁的第二部长篇作品，讲述了失败的中年男人奎尔在其故乡纽芬兰重获新生的故事，为作者带来了美国图书奖、普利策小说奖等诸多重要的文学奖项。在小说《船讯》中，每一个人物都心怀恐惧，无论是对过去、现时生活，抑或是未来。这些恐惧，借由水、白狗、绳结等各种意象形象地展示了出来。“恐惧”是克尔凯郭尔哲学思想中最基本也是最重要的一个概念，它表达了人类生存中的一种不安的状态。然而这种不安和恐惧却是人类认识自我，跃升自我的前提和重要促进力。小说主人公奎尔正是在摆脱恐惧的过程中逐渐形成自我意识，并最终拥有独立人格。本文大致分为三个部分。第一部分是本文的引言部分，介绍了安妮·普鲁的生活和写作经历，，《船讯》的主要内容，国内外对普鲁以及《船讯》的研究状况，以及本文的研究框架和意义。第二部分是本文的主体部分，共分为四个章节。第一章是本文的理论框架，介绍了索伦·克尔凯郭尔的主要哲学思想，从而引出了他最重要的概念“恐惧”。第二章分析了小说《船讯》中主要人物产生恐惧的原因。《船讯》初期的故事背景是受到工业文明严重侵蚀的莫金伯格市，现代社会扭曲了人们美好的心灵，压抑了人们的个性，使生活在其中的人们无所适从，逐渐丧失自我。这些是小说中人物产生“恐惧”的主要原因。第三章分析了小说中主人公奎尔、奎尔的女儿小兔、以及奎尔的姑妈的恐惧表现。奎尔恐惧亲情与爱情的缺失，小兔恐惧死亡，姑妈则恐惧儿时的梦魇，这些恐惧与初遭资本主义经济冲击的纽芬兰岛结合在一起，表达了小说作者对手工业态的旧时村落的怀恋以及对现代文明下人性异化的忧惧。第四章分析了恐惧的救赎之路。小说中的人们从最初无计可施的恐惧中走出，从古老的自然环境和精神家园中汲取力量，回归有序的生活状态。小说中各个人物最终学会了平静地对待自我的恐惧，摆正自己在现实中的位置，找到真正的自我。第三部分是本文的结论部分。通过前文对《船讯》所蕴含的“恐惧”思想的分析，本文作者认为，在信仰缺失的时代背景下，恐惧是人类精神的常态。然而恐惧的存在也有其积极的意义。从某种程度上说，恐惧有可能把人类的思想引向更高的境界。
[Abstract]:With the help of the Danish philosopher Kierkegaard's concept of fear, this paper analyzes the causes, manifestations and solutions of the fears of the various characters in the novel ship News by American woman writer Annie Plu. Ship News is Prou's second full-length work, which tells the story of a failed middle-aged man, Quill, who was reborn in his native Newfoundland, bringing the author an American Book Award. The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and many other important literary awards. In the novel ship News, every character is afraid, whether it is the past, the present life, or the future. These fears, through the water, the white dog, "fear" is the most basic and important concept in Kierkegaard's philosophy. It expresses a state of uneasiness in human existence. However, this uneasiness and fear is the prerequisite and important force for human beings to understand themselves and to leap up themselves. Quill, the protagonist of the novel, has gradually developed a sense of self in the process of getting rid of fear. And ultimately have an independent personality. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction of this paper, which introduces the life and writing experience of Anne Prou, the main contents of ship News, the research status of Prou and ship News at home and abroad, and the research framework and significance of this paper. The second part is the main part of this paper, which is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the theoretical framework of this paper, introduced Solon Kierkegaard's main philosophy, thus leading to his most important concept, "fear." The second chapter analyzes the causes of fear in the main characters in the novel ship News. The background of the story is the city of Mockingberg, which has been seriously eroded by industrial civilization, and the modern society has distorted people's beautiful hearts. It suppresses people's personality, makes people who live in it lose their sense of self, and these are the main causes of "fear" in the novel. The third chapter analyzes the expression of fear of the protagonist Quill, Quill's daughter rabbit, and Quill's aunt. Quill fears the absence of affection and love, the rabbit fears death, and the aunt fears childhood nightmares. These fears, combined with Newfoundland, which was initially hit by capitalist economy, express the author's nostalgia for the handmade old villages and the fear of alienation of human nature under modern civilization. Chapter 4th analyzes the path to redemption of fear. The people in the novel emerge from the initial hopelessness of fear and draw strength from the ancient natural environment and spiritual homeland. The characters in the novel finally learn to deal with the fear of themselves calmly, to correct their position in reality and to find their true self. The third part is the conclusion of this paper. Through the analysis of the "fear" thought contained in Shipboard, the author believes that in the background of the age of lack of faith, Fear is the normal state of the human spirit. But the existence of fear has its positive significance. To some extent, fear may lead the human mind to a higher level.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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