《在我母亲家的三天》的“无限性叙事”研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 12:08

本文关键词： “无限性叙事” 无限倒退无限推进自我解构　出处：《大连外国语学院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在日久沉寂之后,法国作家弗朗索瓦·威尔冈的《在我母亲家的三天》终于问世了。这位“世界上最拖拉的作家”为了短短的“三天”,不惜花费了整整七年。就在读者们已不再指望能看威尔冈的新作时,他却带着《三天》突然出现,一举夺得2005年龚古尔文学奖,并于2009年登上法兰西学院第32号席位。《三天》讲述了这样一个故事：一位作家要写一本名为《在我母亲家的三天》的小说,为搜集素材,他决定去看望远居南方的老母亲。然而债务、女人、旅行、其他出版计划……诸多琐事纠缠着他。与母亲的会面一推再推,小说似乎永远也无法完成。作家在痛苦中挣扎,直到有一天,母亲被送进了医院,他才终于回到了母亲的身边,安静地呆了三天。尽管头顶龚古尔光环,《三天》的成功却在普通读者群中饱受争议,原因主要有两点：一、小说中大量的引用和极度淡化、混乱的情节难以满足读者对玄妙故事题材的欣赏诉求。二、小说强烈的后现代主义色彩提高了阐释文本的门槛。该作出版后虽不乏各种评论,但往往表浅而主观,远不足以挖掘其匠心之处。所以《三天》亟待我们运用科学的理论,客观而深入地解读其文本内涵、论析其写作特色、挖掘其文学价值。在这样的背景下,本文将立足于热奈特的结构主义叙事学,研究该小说的叙事机制,阐释并总结作者别出心裁的“无限性”叙事模式,揭示该作品叙事的独具匠心之处。本论文共分三章：第一章将总结有关《三天》在国内外的研究现状,简要介绍结构主义叙事学理论,并提出本论文的问题焦点和研究方法。第二章将论述小说“无限倒退”的叙事手法。首先立足于热奈特的叙事时序观,分析该作中的倒叙,并把文中各种时间倒错情况与现象学理论相结合,阐释叙述者的绝对反思和文本的无限内省。然后根据热奈特叙事层次理论及元小说概念,分析文本中贯穿于各个叙事层的元小说手法,揭示小说在不断的自我解构中激发出无限的自我意识。最后将分析该作的纹心结构,论述小说主题在层层嵌套的镜像效果中无穷复现,文本实现了无限反观和无限倒退。第三章将论述小说“无限推进”的叙事手法。首先通过分析小说各叙事层的不确定性、片断性,和断裂、蒙太奇等叙事手法对文本的解构,揭示小说在故事层面无限推进的可能性,以及文本悬念化、过程化的特点。然后观察叙述中成出不穷的自由联想,并结合“飞矢不动”的悖论,阐述小说在话语层面因意识流离题,造成叙事停滞和叙述行为失控,从而导致叙事无限推进却难达目标、毫无结果。最后将通过建立该小说中的叙事交流机制,揭示叙述者与受述者之间,存在着无限推进的交流过程。综合“无限倒退”和“无限推进”两种异向操作,本文将得出结论：作者在《三天》中构建出特有的“无限性叙事”模式,这一叙事模式使文本具有了开放性和自我意识,最终达到解构文本、突出主题的目的。通过本论文的研究,一方面可以弥补此前文学批评的主观性、非科学性,并填充在叙事学关照下探索《三天》意义的空白,为拉近读者和后现代主义小说的距离提供可能。另一方面,威尔冈把“无限”这一哲学概念引入小说叙事,研究作者对这一理念的创新性运用,无疑将启发日后文学创作的新灵感,这种新颖的叙事模式,也将为叙事理论的补充和更新提供实践性参考。
[Abstract]:In the long silence, the French writer Francois Weyergans "in my mother's home three days" finally came out. The most drag writers in the world "for a short three days, spent a full seven years. In the readers no longer expect to see Weiergang work, he took < > three days suddenly appeared, won the Goncourt prize for literature in 2005, and in 2009 on the College France No. thirty-second seats.
< > three days about such a story: a writer to write a book entitled "in my mother's home three days" novels, to collect material, he decided to visit a distant Southern old mother. However, debt, women, travel, publishing program. Many other chores to haunt him. Mother met a push again, the novel seems to never complete. Writer struggling in pain, until one day, the mother was sent to the hospital, he finally returned to his mother, quietly for three days.
Although the head of Goncourt ring, < three > days but success in ordinary readers is controversial, there are two main reasons: first, a large number of references and extreme dilution in the novel, the plot of chaos is difficult to meet the demands of the readers appreciate mysterious story. Two novel, a strong postmodern color to improve the interpretation of the text the threshold of the publication. Although there are various comments, but often superficial and subjective, is far from enough to tap its ingenuity. So we need to use > < three days of scientific theory, objective and in-depth interpretation of the connotation of the text, writing characteristics, excavate its literary value. In this context in this paper, the structuralist narrative will be based on Genette's theory, narrative mechanism of the novel, explains and summarizes the author create new styles "infinitude" narrative mode, reveal the narrative works have great originality.
This paper is divided into three chapters: the first chapter will summarize the research status of < three days > at home and abroad, briefly introduce the theory of structuralism narratology, and put forward the focus and research method of this thesis.
The second chapter discusses the novel "narrative infinite regress". The narrative timing based on Genette's view, the analysis of the various flashbacks, and anachrony and phenomenological theory, infinite reflection and Introspection of absolute interpretation of the text narrator. Then according to Genette's narrative levels the theory and meta fiction concept, analysis the text throughout the various narrative layer metafictional techniques, reveals the novel constantly self deconstruction inspire unlimited sense of self. The analysis of grain structure of the heart as the theme of the novel, discusses the mirror effect in nested in infinite repetition, infinite and infinite in text backwards.
The third chapter discusses the novel "narrative infinite progress". Firstly, through the analysis of the novel narrative layer of uncertainty, fragmentation, and fracture, montage narrative techniques of text deconstruction, reveal the infinite possibilities to promote the novel in the story level, as well as the text of the process characteristics of suspense, and then observe the narrative into. A poor free association, and combined with the paradox of "flying arrow is not moving", elaborates on the discourse level due to problems caused by wandering consciousness, narrative and narrative stagnation behavior out of control, resulting in advance but difficult to reach the goal of infinite narrative, no result. Finally, through the establishment of a communication mechanism in the novel narrative, reveal the narrator and narratee, there is a process of communication infinite propulsion.
"The infinite regress" and "infinite promotion" two different to the operation, this paper draws the conclusion that the author in < three days > construct unique "infinite narrative model, the narrative mode makes the text of its openness and self awareness, and ultimately achieve the deconstruction of text, highlight the theme of the objective.
Through this study, one can make up for the subjectivity of literary criticism, non science, and fill in the blanks < three days > significance in the exploration of narrative perspective, possible to narrow the gap between the readers and the postmodern novel distance. On the other hand, Weiergang "unlimited" this philosophy concept of novels the authors of this narrative, the concept of innovative application, will undoubtedly inspire new inspiration of literary creation after the novel narrative pattern, will also provide a practical reference for narrative theory to supplement and update.

【学位授予单位】：大连外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I565.074

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