从评价理论视角分析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的情感变化

发布时间：2018-02-28 21:24

本文关键词： 评价理论态度级差介入情感变化　出处：《山西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：塞林格的小说《麦田里的守望者》是美国二十世纪最著名的小说之一。自从1951年发表以来，该小说受到评论界的极大关注。学者们纷纷撰文发表自己的观点，褒贬不一，众说纷纭。该小说在美国一直被认为是最受喜爱的小说之一，也是被禁止次数最多的小说之一。霍尔顿经常被看作是美国文学中经典的青少年形象。这篇论文借用评价理论从语言学视角研究了霍尔顿的情感发展变化。从某种意义上讲，，运用评价理论来分析极其有争议的小说《麦田里的守望者》的研究是比较新颖的。本研究不仅可以为欣赏该小说提供一个独特的视角,还给语言教学和文学教学带来一定的启示。本论文首先介绍了作者情况和小说的大致情节，并回顾了国内外对该小说的研究动态；然后，节选出小说中霍尔顿经历过的重要事件，在评价理论的框架内从态度、级差和介入三方面对霍尔顿的情感变化展开详细分析。经过分析发现，霍尔顿的情感变化有如下几个特征：首先，在三天的游逛中，霍尔顿一直被性和死亡的问题所困扰，因而也一直处于痛苦、沮丧、焦虑不安之中。其次，寂寞既是霍尔顿痛苦的根源，又是一种驱动力。霍尔顿每次总是近乎疯狂的寻找与人交往的机会，可到最后又笨拙地毁掉这些机会，从而使他的心情变得一次比一次糟糕，由愤懑到沮丧痛苦再到绝望。第三，幻想是医治霍尔顿心情沮丧和绝望的良方。最终幻想破灭时，霍尔顿的情感无处寄托，精神彻底崩溃。研究的第二个方面是分析小说中各种评价资源的的不同实现方式。在态度系统内，霍尔顿更喜欢使用情感和判断资源，他习惯重复使用一些简单的形容词，动词和一些粗话。在级差系统内，霍尔顿大量使用‘It really did’,‘I really mean it’,‘I’m not kidding’等附加短语强调他所说内容的真实性。除了使用强化词语，小说作者还使用了斜体或部分斜体字来突出强调说话者的话语含义和情感态度。介入系统内，接纳资源和否定资源使用最多。借助接纳资源和否定资源霍尔顿明确地表明自己的观点和看法，并联盟可能持有不同观点、看法的读者，使他们同意或至少不反对他的观点，从而让他们和他产生情感共鸣。总之,所有的评价资源通过不同的实现方式相互作用，共同揭示霍尔顿的情感变化。通过运用评价理论对小说《麦田里的守望者》所做的尝试性分析，作者希望能够为欣赏这篇小说以及其他的文学作品提供独特的阅读视角。
[Abstract]:Salinger's novel the Catcher in the Rye is one of the most famous American novels of 20th century. Since its publication in 1951, the novel has received great attention from critics. The novel has long been considered one of the most popular in the United States. Holden is often regarded as the classic image of youth in American literature. This paper uses the theory of evaluation to study Holden's emotional development from a linguistic perspective. It is quite novel to analyze the highly controversial novel Catcher in the Rye by using the theory of evaluation. This study can not only provide a unique perspective for appreciating the novel. It also brings some enlightenment to language teaching and literature teaching. This paper first introduces the author's situation and the general plot of the novel, and reviews the research trends of the novel at home and abroad, and then selects the important events that Holden has experienced in the novel, and takes an attitude within the framework of the evaluation theory. Level difference and intervention three aspects of Holden's emotional changes are analyzed in detail. The analysis shows that Holden's emotional changes are characterized by the following: first, during a three-day stroll, Holden has been troubled by the problems of sex and death, and thus has been in pain, depression, anxiety. Loneliness is both a source of pain and a driving force for Holden. Each time Holden is almost frantically looking for opportunities to socialize with others, but in the end he clumsily destroys them, making his mood worse and worse again and again. From anger to frustration to pain to despair. Third, fantasy is the cure for Holden's frustration and despair. When the final disillusionment is disillusioned, Holden's emotions have no place to rely on and his spirit completely collapses. The second aspect of the study is the analysis of the different ways in which resources are evaluated in the novel. In the attitude system, Holden prefers to use emotion and judgment resources, and he is used to reusing simple adjectives. In the differential system, Holden used a lot of additional phrases, such as "I really really" to emphasize the authenticity of what he said. The author of the novel also uses italics or partial italics to highlight the speaker's meaning and emotional attitude. Accepting resources and negating resources are most used. By means of accepting resources and negating resources Holden clearly expresses his views and opinions, and the Union may hold different views, readers of views, so that they agree with or at least do not oppose his views, In short, all evaluation resources interact with each other in different ways to reveal Holden's emotional changes. By applying the theory of evaluation to the tentative analysis of the novel the Catcher in the Rye, the author hopes to provide a unique reading perspective for appreciating the novel and other literary works.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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