《幕间》：超越二元对立

发布时间：2018-03-04 21:10

本文选题：弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫　切入点：《幕间》　出处：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《幕间》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的辞世之作,完成于1941年7月。虽然这部小说未能获得完善的修订并且长期未能获得批评界的充分关注,但它的创造性与文学价值值得深入研究。《幕间》讲述了1939年6月英格兰中部一个古老村庄在一天当中发生的故事,小说中存在着一系列对立因素,比如过去／现在、野蛮／文明、人类／动物、自然／社会、爱/恨、艺术／现实。不过伍尔夫并没有把它们置于绝对矛盾冲突的两端,而是努力在这些看似对立的因素中找到一个平衡点以达到和谐状态。本文从《幕间》的创作形式与主题两方面入手,旨在揭示伍尔夫超越西方二元对立思维的艺术手法和深层意蕴。《幕间》创作形式上的多样性与综合性是伍尔夫对二元对立体系的初步超越。在《幕间》中,伍尔夫实践了形式上的突破,将小说主人公拉特鲁布女士导演的露天历史剧与波因茨宅上演的一幕幕现实场景巧妙地融合在一起,创作了一部“戏剧—小说”,致力于小说和戏剧界线的消弭。此外,看似平和安宁的乡村生活笼罩于第二次世界大战的狰狞阴影之下,露天历史剧所渲染的欢快气氛常常受到小说人物灰暗的生活细节与对话的影响。因此,集悲剧和喜剧两种叙事风格以及美学思想为一体,《幕间》是伍尔夫所创作的一出悲喜剧。在主题方面,本文以《幕间》中人与自然,聚合与离散,历史与现实这三组对立因素为研究对象,揭示伍尔夫调和矛盾,打破二元对立,实现统一与和谐的小说主旨。伍尔夫一生都在探索人与自然的关系,她相信只有人与自然和谐共处,人类才能长久地生存。在《幕间》中,伍尔夫首先肯定了大自然在露天历史剧的演出中,在波因茨宅居民的日常生活中,以及在拉特鲁布女士的艺术创作中所扮演的重要角色。其次,她强调了人类的自然属性,以此来说明人类与自然是平等的两方,人类应该对其所谓的优越性与对自然的控制欲有一个清醒的认识。小说中人与人之间的关系可以通过聚合与离散来分析。首先,在波因茨宅中,年轻的贾尔斯夫妻以及年迈的巴特兄妹时常陷入尖锐的男女对立之中,伍尔夫成功地在其矛盾冲突中寻求到一种和谐与统一。同时伍尔夫也关注艺术家与观众之间的关系。一方面,拉特鲁布女士与她的观众是对立的。剧作家极力将观众引入她所创造的虚幻世界,操纵他们的情感；而观众却并不完全理解作家,无法与她达到共识。另一方面,观众与演员是相融的,他们在观看演出时积极地领悟剧作家的意图,并在历史剧的最后一幕转化为演员,将历史剧推向高潮。最后一组对立因素是历史与现实。历史是贯穿小说始终的主题,由男性主宰的历史不仅给生活在现实中的小说人物带来沉重负担,而且导致战争的一再上演。伍尔夫通过露天剧解构了这种男权历史,建构了一种新的历史,并以此将过去与现在融合为一个有机整体。伍尔夫在创作《幕间》之时饱受战争的磨难,而“他/她”,“我们/他们”的二元对立思想恰恰是这些人间惨剧的根源之所在。通过颠覆与超越二元对立的思维模式,伍尔夫进一步彰显了她对历史和现实的深刻思考,以艺术的形式为人类走出困境提供了良方。
[Abstract]:< > is the death of Virginia Woolf, completed in July 1941. Although the novel failed to get full attention to perfect revised and failed to obtain long-term criticism, but creative and literary value it is worth further study. The > about June 1939 in central England, an ancient village in the middle of the day the story and there are a series of opposite factors in the novel, such as the past / present, savage / civilization, human / animal, nature / society, love / hate, art / reality. But Woolf did not put the ends of their absolute conflict, but efforts in these seemingly contradictory factors in order to find a balance point to reach a harmonious state. This paper from the two aspects of creation form and the theme of the < >, in order to reveal Woolf beyond the western two opposite thinking art and deep meaning.
< > the diversity and comprehensiveness of creative form is Woolf of two yuan on the stereo system preliminary transcendence. In < >, the Woolf, the practice form of breakthrough, scene reality scene will be the protagonist of Ms. Larter Louboutin director of the pageant and Pointz house scene staged clever combination together, created a "drama, novels, fiction and drama is committed to eliminate boundaries. In addition, under the seemingly peaceful rural life is shrouded in the Second World War ferocious shadow pageant rendered the cheerful atmosphere often affected by the details of life and dialogue characters. So dark in two, tragedy and comedy style of narration and aesthetics as a whole, the < > is a tragic comedy created by Woolf.
In the theme, based on human and nature in the < >, polymerization and discrete, the history and reality of the three pairs of opposite factors as the research object, revealing Woolf reconcile contradictions, breaking the two yuan opposition, realize the unity and harmony of the novel theme. Woolf lives in the exploration of man and nature, she believes that only people with natural harmony, human beings can live in. "Interlude", Woolf first affirmed the nature in the pageant of the show, in the Pointz house in the daily life of people, and play an important role in MS. Larter Louboutin's artistic creation in the play. Secondly, she stressed the natural attributes of human beings, in order to that man and nature are equal to two party, people should be on the superiority of the so-called and control of the natural desire to have a clear understanding. The relationship between man and man in the novel through polymerization and discrete points Analysis. First, in the Pointz house, young and old husband and wife Giles and Bart often caught a sharp confrontation between men and women, Woolf sought to succeed in their conflict to a harmony and unity. At the same time, Woolf also paid attention to the relationship between artists and audience. On the one hand, Ms. Larter Louboutin and her audience is opposite the dramatist to audiences into the fantasy world created by her, manipulating their emotions; people don't fully understand the writer, unable to reach a consensus with her. On the other hand, the actors and the audience is blending, watching the show when they actively grasp the playwright's intentions, and in the historical drama the last scene into the actor, the historical drama climax. The last group is the opposite factors of history and reality. History is the theme throughout the novel, male dominated history not only to live in reality The characters in the novel bring heavy burden and lead the war to happen again and again. Woolf deconstructed the male power history through the open-air drama, and constructed a new history. It fused the past and the present into an organic whole.
Woolf suffered the hardships of war in the creation of the < >, "he / she", "US / them" the two opposite ideas is the root of the human tragedy. Through the subversion and Transcendence of the thinking mode of binary opposition between the two, Woolf further shows her profound reflection on history and reality. In the form of art for human predicament provides a panacea.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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