《第二十二条军规》的后现代主义解读

发布时间：2018-03-05 13:48

本文选题：《第二十二条军规》　切入点：后现代主义　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：约瑟夫·海勒是美国当代著名的小说家，黑色幽默的杰出代表。他的代表作《第二十二条军规》被公认为二战以来美国最重要的作品之一。《第二十二条军规》是黑色幽默的杰作。海勒将喜剧的与悲剧的，滑稽的与恐怖的一些原本相对立的因素巧妙地融合在一起，从而构成对战时以及战后美国社会的黑暗官僚制度的深刻揭露与辛辣讽刺。小说自1961年出版以来，褒贬评论纷至沓来。有人称赞这本新书，也有人对其松散的结构疑惑不解，颇有微词。尽管评论界意见并不一致，《第二十二条军规》仍凭借它独特的风格吸引了大量的读者和评论家对其反复的品味和分析。本论文试从后现代主义角度对该小说进行全面的分析。论文共包括五个部分：绪论、第一、二、三章和结论。绪论部分对作家约瑟夫·海勒和小说《第二十二条军规》做了简单介绍，并综述了国内外对该小说的研究。此外还介绍了后现代主义的相关理论，为接下来论文的展开做了理论准备。第一章分析了小说中具有后现代主义特点的叙事技巧。海勒在小说中就用到例如黑色幽默、类比、矛盾以及重复这四种特殊的写作技巧。第一章主要通过引用原著中的实例对以上四种写作技巧在小说中的运用做了具体分析。第二章分析了小说中具有后现代主义特点的人物塑造。后现代小说中的人物通常没有特定的性格，大部分情况下他们的性格都有着双面性而且几乎没有可以做出改变的能力。这一章主要分析了小说中出现的四个具有后现代主义人物特征的典型代表，他们分别是：“反英雄”约塞连、“会赚钱的人”米洛、活死人丹尼卡医生以及迷失者随军牧师。第三章分析了小说具有后现代主义特点的结构。提到《第二十二条军规》的结构，这部小说显得松散无形，，像是到处充满情节倒叙以及场景重复的混乱安排。整部故事并不是按正常的时间发展顺序而是按照一种与众不同的思路来讲述的。本章主要从小说松散无形的结构、不断重复的场景和令人迷惑的时间顺序三个方面分析了小说具有后现代主义特点的特殊结构。经过以上分析，本论文得出结论：这部小说不仅有精心构建的结构，而且有细致入微的写作技巧；海勒运用精妙的后现代主义写作技巧成功地表现了战争时期惨无人道的官僚主义。这些颠覆性的写作手法有助于呈现小说整体的荒诞气氛，更鲜明地展示出一个怪诞、麻木、腐败的社会画面。因此，这部小说有理由被称为是一部有爆炸性，颠覆性的将启发更多角度的探讨和更深的思考的杰作。
[Abstract]:Joseph Heller is a famous contemporary American novelist. Outstanding representative of black humor. His masterpiece "22th military regulations" is recognized as one of the most important works in the United States since World War II. < 22th military regulations is a masterpiece of black humor. Comic and horrendous elements of the original opposites are skillfully combined, thus constituting a profound exposure and bitter satire to the dark bureaucracy of wartime and postwar American society. The novel has been published since 1961. Reviews poured in. Some praised the new book, others wondered about its loose structure. Although the critics disagree, < 22th military rules have attracted a large number of readers and critics to repeatedly taste and analyze it by virtue of its unique style. This paper tries to analyze the problem from the perspective of postmodernism. The thesis consists of five parts: introduction, introduction, Chapters I, II, III and conclusions. The introduction gives a brief introduction to the writer Joseph Heller and the novel "22th military regulations", and summarizes the domestic and foreign studies of the novel. In addition, it introduces the relevant theories of postmodernism. It makes theoretical preparation for the development of the following paper. The first chapter analyzes the narrative techniques of postmodernism in the novel. Heller uses examples such as black humor analogy in the novel. The first chapter mainly analyzes the application of the above four writing techniques in the novel by quoting examples from the original works. The second chapter analyzes the characterization of postmodernism in novels. The characters in postmodern novels usually do not have a specific character. In most cases, their personalities are dualistic and have little ability to make changes. This chapter analyzes the four typical postmodernist characters that appear in the novel. They are: the Anti-Hero Yoselian, the moneyman Milo, the living Dead Dr Daniica, and the lost Army Priest. The third chapter analyzes the structure of the novel with the characteristics of postmodernism. Referring to the structure of "22th military rules", the novel appears to be loose and invisible. The whole story is told not in the normal order of time but in a different way of thinking. This chapter starts with the loose and invisible structure of the novel. This paper analyzes the special structure of the novel with postmodernism in three aspects: repeated scenes and confusing chronological sequence. Through the above analysis, this thesis draws the conclusion: this novel not only has the carefully constructed structure, but also has the meticulous writing skill; Heller successfully demonstrated the inhuman bureaucratism of the war using sophisticated post-modernist writing techniques. These subversive writing techniques help to present the whole absurd atmosphere of the novel, and more vividly show a grotesque and numb. Therefore, the novel is justifiably described as an explosive, subversive masterpiece that will inspire more perspective and deeper thinking.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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