通往自由之路—《人性的污秽》的存在主义解读

发布时间：2018-03-19 18:45

本文选题：《人性的污秽》　切入点：存在主义　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：菲利普·罗斯(Philip Roth,1933---)是美国当代著名的犹太裔代表作家。罗斯自成名以来发表过数十篇优秀作品,使其在文台上占有重要地位。2000年,罗斯完成了小说《人性的污秽》-------“美国三部曲”中的最后一部。这部小说描写的是一个美国黑人为了在有种族歧视的社会中寻找自由与自我价值,选择将自己变为白种犹太人的故事。在为了迎合社会的需求而重新创造自我以后,他却遭到了社会的抛弃与迫害,最终明白了自由的真正含义。罗斯在这部小说里要批判的不仅是当时的种族歧视与历史环境,而是更深层次的揭示了人性以及人的存在问题,发人深省。小说一经发表就引起了学术界广泛的关注。学者们从不同的角度研究这部作品,其中以身份危机,伦理,悲剧主题以及心理分析等角度研究为主。然而,几乎没有学者从存在主义角度进行讨论。本论文根据萨特的存在主义讨论《人性的污秽》,试探性的用自为与自在存在,自由选择和他者的理论来分析小说中所表现的存在主义。本论文一共分为六章：第一章介绍了菲利普罗斯的生平和他的主要作品,《人性的污秽》这部小说的主要内容,以及该小说在国内外的研究状况。第二章是理论基础。首先作者介绍了存在主义的产生,主要的存在主义大师和他们的存在主义观点。然后作者从三个方面介绍了萨特的存在主义思想----自在的存在和自为的存在,自由以及他者。第三章分析了小说主人公的自在的存在与自为的存在,其中以主人公的自为存在为主,表现主人公对自己自为存在的追寻。第四章用自由的理论来分析。其中包括自由选择和责任。第五章作者从萨特的他者角度解读小说。在这部分里,萨特的他人就是地狱的观点得到了很好的诠释。第六章是结论,总结本论文以及通过这部小说作者得到的启示：每个人都存在自己的阴暗面,有着或多或少却又无法避免的污秽,然而我们应该懂得用包容的心来对待,懂得倾听,从而生活在一个人性美好的社会中。
[Abstract]:Philip Rothman (1933) is a famous contemporary Jewish representative writer in the United States. Ross has published dozens of excellent works since he became famous, making them important on the stage. In 2000, Ross finished the last of the American trilogy, "the filth of humanity." this novel is about a black American seeking freedom and self-worth in a racist society. The story of choosing to turn himself into a white Jew. After reinventing himself to meet the needs of society, he was abandoned and persecuted by society. In this novel, Ross criticizes not only the racial discrimination and historical environment at that time, but also reveals the human nature and the existence of human beings at a deeper level, which is thought-provoking. Once published, the novel has attracted wide attention in academic circles. Scholars study the novel from different angles, including identity crisis, ethics, tragic theme and psychoanalysis. However, Few scholars discuss it from the perspective of existentialism. According to Sartre's Existentialism, this paper analyzes existentialism in the novel by tentatively using the theory of self-making and self-existence, free choice and the theory of others. This thesis is divided into six chapters: the first chapter introduces Philip Ross's life and his main works, the main content of this novel, "the filth of Human Nature". The second chapter is the theoretical basis. Firstly, the author introduces the emergence of existentialism. The main existentialist masters and their existentialist viewpoints. Then the author introduces Sartre's existentialism from three aspects-the existence of freedom and the existence of self. The third chapter analyzes the existence of the protagonist and the existence of his own, in which the protagonist's self-existence is the main part. The 4th chapter is analyzed with the theory of freedom. It includes free choice and responsibility. 5th the author interprets the novel from Sartre's other perspective. In this part, Sartre's view that others are hell is well interpreted. Chapter 6th is the conclusion, summing up this paper and the revelation from the author of this novel: everyone has his own dark side. There is more or less but unavoidable filth, but we should know how to treat with tolerance, know how to listen to live in a good society of human nature.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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