《痕迹》中印第安人与大自然关系的生态整体主义解读

发布时间：2018-03-24 09:16

本文选题：生态整体主义　切入点：生态批评　出处：《河北科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为一部蕴含生态意识的文本,美国当代印第安女作家路易斯·厄德里奇的小说《痕迹》按时间顺序描绘了生活在北达科他州的齐佩瓦族印第安人在白人到来之后的生活。本文运用生态批评理论以生态整体观为切入点,围绕小说的土地和文化两个主题,重点分析了传统印第安人与被白人同化了的印第安人对自然的不同态度及对其生活所产生的影响,以唤起人们对人与自然关系问题的思考与重视。论文首先陈述了本文的研究基础,对《痕迹》的研究现状进行了回顾,并对生态整体主义理论及生态批评进行了白描式的介绍,涵盖了生态整体主义的核心思想、判断标准以及生态整体主义思想的两大重要理论：利奥波德的土地伦理与罗尔斯顿的自然价值论、生态批评与生态整体主义的关系、生态批评在文学研究领域的发展与应用,并阐明了运用此理论分析小说的合理性以及本文的研究目的和意义。其次,本文围绕小说的两个主题分别研究了传统印第安人与被同化的印第安人对自然的不同态度。对芙乐和那那普什来说,土地是人类的家园,土地上的其他自然实体是人类的亲族。他们将自然作为印第安文化的标志。大自然既是印第安文化的象征,也是印第安人宗教信仰所崇拜的对象。然而,被白人同化了的宝兰等人在土地政策和基督教的影响下逐渐萌生了反生态思想,土地不再是他们的家园,而是谋取经济利益的工具；自然也不再是他们敬畏和崇拜的对象。在这种反生态意识的作用下,印第安人在物质生活、精神生活以及人际关系上都出现了严重的问题。再次,本文对传统印第安人对维护人与自然的整体关系所做的努力进行了细致的分析。在芙乐与那那普什等人意识到被同化的族人的反生态意识给部落带来的灾难之后,他们更加坚定了自己对土地母亲的热爱和对本族文化的信仰,只有维护原有的生态意识,与大自然和谐相处,才能使印第安人最终获得平静与安宁。本文最后得出结论,通过展现《痕迹》中印第安人与大自然的关系,路易斯·厄德里奇强调了一个不争的事实,人类只是大自然的一部分,无论是人类本身还是人类社会所创造的文化都依靠自然而存在。在生态危机日益严重的今天,运用生态整体主义理论解读《痕迹》对提倡人类重新思考人与大自然关系,唤醒人类的生态意识具有重大现实意义。
[Abstract]:As a text with ecological consciousness, The novel "traces" by Louise Erdridge, a contemporary American Indian writer, depicts in chronological order the life of the Kipewa Indians living in North Dakota after the arrival of the white people. This paper applies ecological criticism. On the view of ecology as a whole, Focusing on the land and culture themes of the novel, this paper focuses on the analysis of the different attitudes towards nature and the impact on their lives of the traditional Indians and the white assimilated Indians. In order to arouse people's thinking and attention to the relationship between man and nature. The paper first states the research basis of this paper, reviews the research status quo of "trace", and introduces the ecological holism theory and ecological criticism in a descriptive way, which covers the core ideas of ecological holism. Judgment criteria and two important theories of ecological holism: Leopold's land ethics and Rolston's natural value theory, the relationship between ecological criticism and ecological holism, the development and application of ecological criticism in the field of literary research. It also illustrates the rationality of this theory and the purpose and significance of this paper. Secondly, This paper studies the different attitudes towards nature between traditional Indians and assimilated Indians around the two themes of the novel. For Flo and Nanapush, land is the home of human beings. Other natural entities on the land are relatives of human beings. They regard nature as a symbol of Indian culture. Nature is both a symbol of Indian culture and an object of worship by Indian religious beliefs. Under the influence of land policy and Christianity, Baolan et al., who were assimilated by white people, gradually developed anti-ecological thought. Land is no longer their home, but a tool for seeking economic benefits. Nature is no longer the object of their awe and worship. Under this anti-ecological consciousness, the Indians have serious problems in material life, spiritual life and interpersonal relations. Again, This paper makes a detailed analysis of the efforts made by the traditional Indians to preserve the overall relationship between man and nature. After Flo and Napusch realized the disaster brought to the tribe by the anti-ecological consciousness of the assimilated people, They strengthened their love for the land mother and their belief in their own culture. Only by maintaining the original ecological consciousness and living in harmony with nature could the Indians finally gain peace and tranquility. Finally, this paper concludes that by showing the relationship between Indians and nature in "traces", Louis Erdrich emphasizes the indisputable fact that man is only a part of nature. Both human beings and the culture created by human society depend on nature. Today, when the ecological crisis is increasingly serious, we use the theory of ecological holism to interpret "traces" to advocate human beings to rethink the relationship between human beings and nature. It is of great practical significance to awaken the ecological consciousness of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】