《钢琴课》中的鬼魂形象解析

发布时间：2018-03-27 22:23

本文选题：奥古斯特·威尔逊　切入点：《钢琴课》　出处：《郑州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：奥古斯特·威尔逊（1945-2005）是美国戏剧史上最成功的黑人剧作家之一和一位彻底的黑人文化斗士，曾两次荣获普利策奖和众多其他文学奖项。他是继尤金·奥尼尔、田纳西·威廉斯和阿瑟·米勒之后美国剧坛第四位最重要的剧作家。尽管母亲是一位黑人，但威尔逊却对自己的黑人身份引以为豪。他关心非裔美国人在美国的悲惨处境，用戏剧的形式再现他们的痛苦；他在对底层普通民众的心理和历史进行揭示的同时，更是将非洲文化和传统融入到了他的戏剧创作，将黑人在美国的尴尬境遇一幕幕地展现在戏剧舞台上。威尔逊对非洲文化情有独钟，并将其贯穿于戏剧创作的始终，因为他认为这是非裔美国人在美国白人主流文化中抵制种族歧视、保持自己文化身份的有效手段。《钢琴课》是威尔逊代表剧作之一，创作于1988年。该剧呈现的是一对黑人姐弟对是否变卖家族钢琴的争论，探索的是黑人自己对黑人历史和文化的不同态度。该剧1990年为威尔逊第二次赢得普利策奖。近年来，包括《钢琴课》在内的威尔逊的众多作品，吸引了文学批评家们的注意力。众多批评家从创伤解读、布鲁斯音乐的重要性、非洲文化、历史和文化遗产、身份的探索和黑人的双重意识等角度对《钢琴课》进行了解析，却很少对剧本中非常明显的鬼魂形象进行过探讨。论文以剧本中的三种鬼魂形象作为研究对象，即萨特的鬼魂、黄狗列车上的鬼魂和博伊·威利祖先的鬼魂，，分析剧作家在剧本中融入超自然的因素的动机：非裔美国人只有保护好非洲文化，不忘记自己的历史才不会在白人主流文化中感到失去自己的身份。同时，从鬼魂角度对《钢琴课》较为新颖的解读也会为全人类理解并重新认识民族之间的文化差异，以及正确处理少数族裔文化与主流文化之间的关系带来新的启示。论文包括六部分：引言、四个章节和结论。引言部分简要介绍了奥古斯特·威尔逊的生平及其剧本《钢琴课》的国内外研究现状，指出论文的研究目的和意义。第一章分析萨特的鬼魂。它象征着白人文化对黑人文化持久的影响力。姐姐伯妮斯时常感受到萨特鬼魂的存在，但她却不愿告知自己女儿钢琴的历史。这恰是白人文化对她持久影响的结果；弟弟博伊·威利坚持卖掉祖上传下来的钢琴来购买萨特的土地，但萨特鬼魂的出现代表了白人对黑人购买白人土地行为的阻挠，体现了白人文化的霸权。第二章讨论黄狗列车上的鬼魂。这揭示了黑人文化在白人主流文化之下的尴尬处境。代表着黑人历史、传承着黑人文化的黑人祖先在乘坐黄狗列车时被白人烧死，化作了游荡于白人社会中的无助鬼魂。黄狗列车上鬼魂的出现反映了黑人和白人之间无法调和的矛盾；他们鬼魂的到处游移也说明了黑人存在感的缺失，白人文化没有给黑人文化留下同等的发展空间；种族歧视和不公让生活在白人文化之下的黑人无法拥有幸福和享受幸福。第三章讨论代表着黑人文化历史的博伊·威利祖先的鬼魂。奥拉妈妈浸撒在钢琴上的血和泪连接着死者和生者，传递着黑人祖先的声音：找回钢琴才能重新掌握自己的命运；钢琴上的雕刻画警示黑人不要忘记自己族裔的文化和祖先的精神，否则黑人就会成为白人社会中“失语”的“隐形人”。第四章探寻以威利祖先为代表的黑人祖先鬼魂存在的意义：他们是黑人文化的维护者和传播者。姐姐伯妮斯和弟弟威利最终的回归也说明了他们意识到了黑人历史和文化的重要性：黑人文化是黑人社区的支柱，理解、珍惜并传承黑人文化才能找到自己的根，活出人生的价值。结论部分在总结三种鬼魂所代表的不同涵义的基础上指出，生活在美国白人主流文化中的黑人，只有珍惜并尊重黑人文化及历史，非裔美国人才会有存在感和生存的价值。
[Abstract]:August Wilson (1945-2005) is one of the most successful American drama in the history of black playwright and a completely black culture fighter, have won the two Pulitzer prize and many other literary awards. He is the second Eugene ONeil, Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller after the American theater fourth most important playwright. Although the mother is a black. But Wilson was on his black identity proud. He cares about the plight of African Americans in the United States, the reproduction of their suffering in the form of drama; he was also revealed in the bottom of common people's psychology and history, is the African culture and tradition into his dramas, black in the United States in the embarrassing situation of a scene to show on the stage. Wilson are fond of African culture, and throughout the drama because he always. It is considered an effective means for African Americans to resist racial discrimination and maintain their cultural identity in the white mainstream culture of the United States.
The piano lesson is one of Wilson's representative works. It was created in 1988. The play is about a row of black brothers and sisters about whether to sell the family piano. It explores the different attitudes of the Negro to the black history and culture. The play won the Pulitzer prize second times for Wilson in 1990.
In recent years, many works including piano lessons, < > Werwilson, attracted attention from literary critics. Many critics from the trauma of interpretation, the importance of Bruce's music of African culture, historical and cultural heritage, and explore the double consciousness of black identity perspective on the analysis of "piano lessons", but seldom on obviously the ghost image script discussed.
Based on three kinds of ghost images in the script as the research object, namely, the ghost of Sutter, the yellow dog on the train and Boy Willy's ghost ghost ancestors, the playwright in the script analysis into the supernatural factors of motivation: African Americans only protect African culture, do not forget their history will not be losing their identity in the white mainstream culture. At the same time, from the perspective of the ghost novel < > piano lessons for all mankind will understand and recognize the cultural differences between ethnic groups, and the relationship between the correct handling of ethnic minorities culture and mainstream culture bring new enlightenment.
The thesis consists of six parts: introduction, four chapters and conclusions.
The introduction briefly introduces the present situation at home and abroad of August Wilson's life and his play < piano lesson >, and points out the purpose and significance of the research.
The first chapter of the ghost of Sutter. It is a symbol of the white culture to the black culture lasting influence. Sister Bernice often feel the ghost of Sutter, but she was reluctant to tell his daughter to the history of the piano. This is the white culture on her lasting results; brother Wiley to sell, handed down to the piano the purchase of the land of Sutter, but the ghost of Sutter on behalf of the blacks to buy white land block, reflecting the white cultural hegemony.
The second chapter discusses the yellow dog on the train. This ghost reveals the embarrassing situation of black culture in the white mainstream culture. Represents the black history, inheriting black culture, black ancestors ride in the yellow dog train was burned into a white, wandering in the white society helpless ghost ghost. The yellow dog on the train appears to reflect the contradictions between blacks and whites irreconcilable; their ghosts wander also shows that the black loss of sense of existence, not to leave space for the development of the white culture the same black culture; racial discrimination and injustice let people live under the white culture of black can't have happiness and enjoy happiness.
The third chapter discusses the history of the black culture represents the ancestral ghosts. Boy Willy on the piano and dip ora mother's blood and tears with the dead and living, passing black voices of the ancestors: back to the piano re destiny; piano black warning engravings do not forget their ethnic culture and ancestors the spirit will become black or white society "Aphasia" and "invisible man".
The fourth chapter explores the Wiley ancestors as the representative of the Black Ghost ancestors meaning: they are the maintenance of the black culture and disseminators. Sister Bernice and brother Wiley's return also shows that they are aware of the importance of black history and culture: the black culture is the pillar of black community understanding, cherish and inherit the black in order to find their own cultural roots, live out the value of life.
On the basis of summing up the different meanings of the three ghosts, the conclusion points out that only the black people living in the mainstream white culture of the us cherish and respect the culture and history of the black people. African Americans have the sense of existence and survival.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.073

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