成长与自我实现—从马斯洛需要层次理论解读《我的安东尼亚》

发布时间：2018-03-28 15:35

本文选题：《我的安东尼亚》　切入点：马斯洛需要层次理论　出处：《云南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：薇拉·凯瑟(1873-1947)是美国二十世纪最伟大的小说家之一,因其对美国西部拓荒生活饱含深情的描写而声名远扬享誉文学界。在她众多的作品中,最具影响力的当属其“拓荒三部曲”,即《啊!拓荒者》、《云雀之歌》和《我的安东尼亚》三部歌颂拓荒者勤劳、坚毅的小说。凯瑟的作品思想性较强,打破了传统的女性形象,塑造了一系列独立坚强、勇于挑战权威和陈旧观念的角色。评论家历来将其视为最经典的女性主义作品。近十年来,对她的作品研究出现了以生态主义、生态女性主义为切入点的趋势。迄今为止,根据CNKI数据库的统计,将近有一百篇从不同角度研究解读这篇小说的论文。其中只有四篇对涉及到这篇小说的成长主题,主要从女性主义的视角来探讨女性角色的成长过程,但是都没有再进一步去进行社会实践意义方面的思考。本文对《我的安东尼亚》中的成长、自我实现主题的研究则另辟蹊径,采用人本主义心理学家马斯洛的需要层次理论来分析和评价小说中典型人物的成长和发展。马斯洛的理论认为,人的成长和五个层次的需要满足是并行的、互相影响的,其中自我实现理论对人的成长和追求人生的终极意义有很现实的启发意义。由此,本文借助马斯洛需要层次理论对这部作品中主人公的成长与自我实现的过程进行了详细的解读,最后得出了对现代社会人的成长和自我实现的一些启示：人在面临纷繁复杂的内心与外界困扰时应当认清自己的合理需要,认清自己的努力方向并有意识地规划自己的成长,这样才能有效地实现自我价值去收获人生的幸福。
[Abstract]:Vera Cather (1873-1947) is one of the greatest American novelists of the twentieth century, and is well known in the literary world for her affectionate portrayal of the pioneering life of the Western United States. The most influential is its "frontier trilogy," or "ah!" Pioneer, Song of the lark, and my Antonia, three novels praising the Pioneers'industry and fortitude. Cather's works have a strong ideological content, breaking the traditional female image, creating a series of independent and strong characters who dare to challenge authority and stereotypes. Critics have always regarded it as the most classical feminist work. So far, according to the statistics of CNKI database, there has been a tendency to focus on ecologism and eco-feminism. There are nearly a hundred papers that study and interpret the novel from different angles. Of these, only four are related to the growth theme of the novel, mainly from the perspective of feminism. But there is no further thinking about the meaning of social practice. In this paper, the study of the theme of self-actualization in my Antonia is a new way. The theory of the hierarchy of needs of the humanist psychologist Maslow is used to analyze and evaluate the growth and development of typical characters in the novel. Maslow's theory holds that the growth of human beings and the satisfaction of needs of five levels are parallel and influence each other. Among them, the theory of self-realization has practical enlightening significance for the growth of human beings and the pursuit of the ultimate meaning of life. With the help of Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs, this paper interprets in detail the process of the protagonist's growth and self-realization in this novel. Finally, some revelations to the growth and self-realization of people in modern society are obtained: people should recognize their reasonable needs, recognize their own direction of effort and consciously plan their own growth when they are confronted with numerous and complicated inner and external troubles. Only in this way can we effectively realize our self-worth and reap the happiness of life.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074

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