从《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》看陀氏的神性乌托邦思想

发布时间：2018-03-30 00:27

本文选题：《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》　切入点：陀思妥耶夫斯基　出处：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：陀思妥耶夫斯基是俄国一个天才式的作家,想要深读他的作品就得做好灵魂被洗礼的准备,因为他为我们展示出了世界的另一种存在尺度,即地上的基督天堂。《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》是陀氏的最后一部作品,也是陀氏宗教思辨思想最成熟的作品,它凝结着陀氏对文学、对宗教、对人生的最沉重的思考,最终的答案就是本文所要探讨的陀氏的宗教救赎思想——神性乌托邦思想。本文第一部分我们从陀氏的创作人生和世界观出发,肯定陀氏对东正教的虔诚信仰,指出其宗教信仰里所包含的人道主义的理想。同时,明确《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》的核心内容与核心命题,即孩子与卡拉马佐夫兄弟之间的相互关联和关于爱与信仰的核心命题。从陀氏对宗教大法官的回答中明确陀氏的思想基调,为阐述陀氏的神性乌托邦的救赎思想奠定理论基础。本文第二部分首先论述的是陀氏救赎思想的现实基础,即这一救赎思想的根源在人们的苦难命运,苦难的多种表现引发作者对救赎的探究。其次论述陀氏救赎思想的乌托邦特质,在陀氏救赎思想与托尔斯泰救赎思想的比较之中发现陀氏救赎思想的独特之处。最后揭示陀氏乌托邦式救赎思想的旨归,即发掘人的神性存在,以神性压倒兽性,神性包容人性,从而构建陀氏理想中的人间的乌托邦式的神性天堂。本文第三部分是对《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》的文本进行深入分析,通过对德米特里、伊凡、阿辽沙三兄弟和孩子们之间关系的解读,一一剖析他们各自的灵魂,揭示他们各自的特质与命运。陀氏从批判伊凡的理性思想出发,肯定德米特里的精神救赎与阿辽沙的坚定的爱与信仰,这肯定与否定之间我们从中揭示并阐述了乌托邦式的神性救赎思想的具体特性,即绝对的神性信仰、积极的爱和精神的救赎。本文第四部分旨在探索独特艺术关照下的神性乌托邦思想。首先我们从对话的艺术和和谐的美两方面论述陀氏对传统现实主义艺术的突破和发展,其次指出陀氏对现代主义艺术的独特发现与诠释,以求揭示陀氏的救赎思想拥有强大的艺术表现力与丰沛的精神感染力的根源。结语部分重在总结陀氏神性乌托邦思想的时代意义与局限性,从客观公正的角度评价陀氏的神性乌托邦的救赎思想,从而完成对陀氏神性乌托邦救赎思想的论述,指出本文创作的地位和价值。陀思妥耶夫斯基因为自己的政治立场倍受争议,反动、保守、精神分裂,一切该归于时代的错位,还是原始的反叛,我们没有立场去做评断,但可以肯定的是,陀氏和他的作品无论在思想还是在创作上的成就都是同时代作家所不可取代的。
[Abstract]:Dostoevsky is a genius writer in Russia. To read his works deeply, he has to prepare his soul for baptism, because he shows us another measure of existence in the world. The Brothers of Karamazov is the last work of Tuo's, and the most mature of Tuo's religious speculative thoughts, which conjures his most heavy thoughts on literature, religion, and life. The final answer is to discuss Tuoshi's religious redemption thought-divinity utopia. In the first part of this paper, from the perspective of Tuo's creative life and world outlook, we affirm Tuo's religious faith in the Orthodox Church, and point out the humanitarian ideals contained in his religious belief. Clarifying the core content and the core proposition of the Brothers Karamazov, that is, the interrelation between the child and the Karamatsov brothers and the core proposition about love and belief. It lays a theoretical foundation for the elaboration of Tuoshi's divinity utopia's redemption thought. The second part of this paper first discusses the practical basis of Tuoshi's redemption thought, that is, the root of this redemption thought lies in the suffering fate of people. The various manifestations of suffering lead to the author's exploration of redemption. Secondly, the utopian characteristics of Tuoshi's redemption thought are discussed. In the comparison between Tuoshi's Redemption thought and Tolstoy's Redemption thought, the author finds out the uniqueness of Tuoshi's Redemption thought. Finally, it reveals the purport of Tuoshi's Utopian Redemption thought, that is, to discover the divinity of human being, and to put divinity over beast. The divinity tolerates human nature, thus constructs the utopian heaven of the human world in Tuo's ideal. The third part of this paper is to analyze the text of the Brothers Karamazov, through the interpretation of the relationship between Dimitri, Ivan, Alisha and the children, and to analyze their respective souls one by one. Revealing their respective characteristics and destinies. From the rational thought of criticizing Ivan, Tuoshi affirmed Dmitry's spiritual salvation and Alisha's firm love and faith. Between affirmation and negation, we reveal and expound the concrete characteristics of Utopian thought of divinity redemption, that is, absolute divinity belief, active love and spiritual redemption. The fourth part of this paper aims to explore the divinity utopia under the care of unique art. Firstly, we discuss the breakthrough and development of Tuoshi's traditional realism art from the two aspects of dialogue art and harmonious beauty. Secondly, it points out Tuo's unique discovery and interpretation of modernist art. In order to reveal the roots of Tuoshi's salvation thought with strong artistic expressiveness and abundant spiritual appeal, the conclusion part focuses on summing up the time significance and limitation of Tuo's divinity utopian thought. From the angle of objectivity and justice, this paper evaluates Tuoshi's redeeming thought of divinity utopia, thus completes the exposition of Tuoshi's divinity utopian redemption thought, and points out the position and value of this article's creation. Dostoevsky is controversial because of his political position, reactionary, conservative, schizophrenic, all due to the dislocation of the times, or primitive rebellion, we have no position to judge, but we can be sure that, Tuoshi and his works are irreplaceable by contemporary writers, both in thought and in creation.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I512.074

【引证文献】