《美国悲剧》中克莱德人格的精神分析

发布时间：2018-03-30 18:41

本文选题：德莱塞　切入点：《美国悲剧》　出处：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：西奥多·德莱塞的代表作《美国悲剧》讲述了主人公克莱德为进入上流社会不择手段,最终堕落成杀人犯的故事。奥地利犯罪心理学家汉斯·格罗斯认为,由于犯罪行为的主体是犯罪人,研究其精神状态和心理活动可以更加深入和全面了解犯罪原因。弗洛伊德的精神分析理论在人格研究方面影响重大。因此本文从犯罪心理学视角,运用弗氏人格结构理论,分析研究克莱德的人格及犯罪行为的个体原因。弗洛伊德把人格划分为本我、自我和超我。对心智健全的人,人格的三部分能够保持动态平衡：在超我的合理监督和指导下,自我协调与平衡本我的欲求和冲动,寻求最佳办法适应环境。否则,三部分的失常将危及人格的发展和个体生存。弗氏指出,犯罪本质是由失衡人格引起的心理冲突的表现。本文认为,克莱德犯罪的个人原因来自其人格的缺陷。第一章分析了克莱德强烈的本我。本我不受约束,由本能和欲望冲动所驱动,追求及时满足。克莱德的本我一味追求物质和性的享受,常常借助幻想来满足不能达到的愿望。第二章论述了克莱德软弱的自我。自我从本我中发展起来,按照现实原则对本我加以控制。然而克莱德的自我未能有效调解本我、超我与现实的冲突和斗争,运用防御机制如压抑、否认和合理化来掩饰本我的动机,并不断屈服于本我。第三章探讨了克莱德发展不全的超我。超我是人格结构中最为道德的部分,是内在化的父母价值观念与社会道德。父母、学校教育的失效加上对消极的社会价值标准的认同使克莱德的超我未能形成完善的道德标准,因此发展不全的超我无法抑制本我的无理要求,最终导致犯罪的发生。克莱德的悲剧揭示了建立健康人格的重要性。通过深入分析克莱德的人格,本文试图揭示主人公的无意识思维过程,研究人的本能冲动与道德制约之间的矛盾冲突,找出克莱德犯罪行为的根源。本论文最后得出结论：克莱德拥有强大的本我、软弱的自我和发展不全的超我,其人格发展的不平衡促使其走上犯罪道路。人格的三部分之间的矛盾运动决定了克莱德的性格并指导他的行为。克莱德的悲剧告诫人们：一定意义上,只有实现三者的动态平衡,建立健康的人格,预防犯罪心理的形成,才能有效减弱犯罪的个体原因。
[Abstract]:Theodore Dreiser's masterpiece, the American tragedy, tells the story of Clyde, the protagonist who degenerated into murder by all means in order to enter the upper class. Hans Gross, an Austrian criminal psychologist, believes that. Because the subject of the crime is the criminal, Freud's psychoanalysis theory has a great influence on personality research. Therefore, from the perspective of criminal psychology, this paper applies Freud's personality structure theory to understand the causes of crime. Analysis of Clyde's personality and individual causes of criminal behavior. Freud divided personality into ego, ego and superego. For a sane person, the three parts of the personality can maintain a dynamic balance: under the reasonable supervision and guidance of the superego, the ego coordinates and balances the desires and impulses of the ego. Seek the best way to adapt to the environment. Otherwise, the three-part disorder will endanger the development of personality and individual survival. Fowler pointed out that the nature of crime is the manifestation of psychological conflict caused by unbalanced personality. This paper argues that the personal cause of Clyde's crime comes from his personality defect. Chapter one analyzes Clyde's strong id. Driven by instinct and desire, the pursuit of timely gratification. Clyde's ego pursues material and sexual enjoyment, The second chapter deals with Clyde's weak self. The ego develops from the ego and controls it according to the principle of reality. Yet Clyde's ego fails to reconcile the ego effectively. Conflicts and struggles between superego and reality, using defense mechanisms such as repression, denial and rationalization to cover up the motives of the ego, The third chapter discusses Clyde's underdeveloped superego. Superego is the most moral part of personality structure, it is the internalized parental values and social morality. The failure of school education and the recognition of negative social values have prevented Clyde's superego from forming a perfect moral standard, so the underdeveloped superego cannot restrain the unreasonable demands of the ego. Ultimately, crime occurs. Clyde's tragedy reveals the importance of building a healthy personality. Through an in-depth analysis of Clyde's personality, this paper attempts to reveal the unconscious thinking process of the protagonist and to study the conflict between human instinct and moral constraints. Find out the root of Clyde's criminal behavior. This paper concludes that Clyde has a strong ego, a weak self and an underdeveloped superego. The imbalance of his personality led him to commit crimes. The contradictory movement between the three parts of the personality determined Clyde's character and guided his behavior. Clyde's tragedy warned people: in a certain sense, Only by realizing the dynamic balance, establishing healthy personality and preventing the formation of criminal psychology, can the individual cause of crime be weakened effectively.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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