基于当代（后现代）黑人女性主义视角再论黑人母亲身份

发布时间：2018-04-13 21:47

本文选题：黑人母亲身份 + 黑人女性主义　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：母性存在于全人类，而母亲则是生命、善良、无条件之爱和宽容等的象征。在黑人文化中，母亲身份备受尊敬和推崇，代表着爱和成熟。自奴隶制时代以来，大多数黑人母亲在白人的奴役和欺压下被归入“不负责任的母亲”（“bad mother”）和“不称职的家长”(“unfit parent”)之列。长期以来，她们的形象遭到白人的丑化，被贴上了“阿姨”（“mammy”）、“女家长”（“matriarch”）,“黑霉淑女”（“black lady”）、“福利妈妈”（“welfare mother”）和“婊子娘”（“hoochie mama”）的标签。从本质上讲，黑人母亲身份中天生具有朴素的黑人女性主义的成分。在黑人女性主义理论思想的影响和指导下，随着时光的推移，黑人母亲身份不断地得到解构和重建。论文首先厘清了两组相近的术语----“母亲身份”（“Motherhood”）和“母亲养育”（“Mothering”）,“黑人女性主义”（“Black Feminism”）和“妇女主义”（“Womanism”）。在此基础上，论文以历史学角度为切入点，以当代黑人女性主义的发展现状为研究重点，着重考察和探讨了黑人母亲身份从西非时期到现代的演变进程。论文随之以三部黑人小说为文本，从文学角度探讨和分析了具有代表性的黑人母亲养育方式，如单亲母亲养育(single mothering)、代位母亲养育（othermothering）、女同性恋母亲养育(lesbian mothering)。论文进而从社会生态学角度分析了黑人社区分化状态下各阶层在子女社会化方式(child socialization)上的异同，以及为黑人子女社会化提供帮助的社区服务体制，如教堂里的女教友服务、社区中的女社员服务、大学或其他工作单位里的女导师联系制和女子联谊会机制等。最后，论文从视觉文化角度探析了带有嘻哈女性主义（hip-hop feminist）意识的电影和音乐单曲中涉及的黑人母亲身份，，介绍并探究了黑人女性主义的最新发展形式--嘻哈女性主义--的特点和不足。论文得出两点结论：第一，在当代黑人女性主义视角下重建的黑人母亲身份提倡嘻哈女性主义式母亲(hip-hop feminist mothering)，主张把母亲身份和社会工作（motherwork）结合为一体，不断延伸自我身份，加强社会行动；第二，黑人母亲身份和黑人女性主义之间存在着互动协调的关系，它们互相促进，相互融合，最终发展成为嘻哈女性主义养育方式。当下，在美国黑人女性主义者看来，做嘻哈女性主义式母亲最能代表和体现真正的黑人女性身份。本论文以当代黑人女性主义视角为主要切入点，综合运用了多视角的研究方法，如：历史学、社会学、社会生态学、文学、视觉文化学，涉及多领域的学科知识，如：女性主义研究、非裔美国人研究和美国学研究，较全面展现了黑人母性身份的动态发展情况。论文不仅解构了传统父权制定义的黑人母亲身份，而且重建了带有当代黑人女性主义色彩的黑人母亲身份。在论述过程中，论文还论及了与母亲身份相关但一直以来被忽略的女同性恋养育方式，挖掘了母性中蕴含的加强社会行动力度的新力量，即母性中的情欲力量。此外，为了更生动和全面地揭示黑人母性，论文还就一部黑人儿童文学作品中体现的母性主题思想作了详细的探讨。正如黑人女同性恋女性主义者奥德瑞·洛德（Audre Lorde）所说，“黑人母亲的教训人人受用”，因此，探索和阐述黑人母亲身份的意义不仅在于解构和重建她们的身份，而且与人类本身的自由、平等和博爱息息相关。深入研究这一课题，一方面可以帮助我们更深刻地解读当代美国社会和文化的变化和人文精神的升华，另一方面对国内妇女和少数民族的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Mother is a symbol of life , kindness , unconditional love , tolerance , etc . In the black culture , the mother ' s identity has been respected and respected , representing love and maturity . For a long time , most black mothers have been classified as " irresponsible mothers " ( " bad mother " ) and " incompetent parents " in black culture . Since the era of slavery , most black mothers have been placed in " unaccountable mothers " ( " black lady " ) , " female parents " ( " matriarch " ) , " black lady " ( " black lady " ) , " welfare mothers " ( " mother " ) , and " bitch " ( " hooker " ) .

On this basis , the thesis analyzes the similarities and differences between two groups of black mothers , such as " Motives " and " Motives " , " Black feminism " and " Womanism " . In the end , the thesis analyzes the black mother ' s identity from the perspective of social ecology , such as the female teacher service in church , the female social worker service in the community , the female mentor contact system in the college or other work unit , and explores the latest development form of black feminism - - the characteristics and disadvantages of hip hop feminism .

The thesis draws two conclusions : First , the black mother who rebuilt under the contemporary black feminist perspective advocates hip - hop feminist mother ( hip - hop feminist ) , which advocates combining mother ' s identity and social work as a whole , extending the self - identity and strengthening social action ;
Second , there is an interactive and coordinated relationship between black mother ' s identity and black feminism . They promote and merge with each other and eventually develop into hip - hop feminism . At present , in the American black feminists , hip - hop feminist mother can best represent and embody the identity of the real black woman .

This paper takes the contemporary black feminism perspective as the main point of view , and comprehensively uses the research methods of multi - view , such as history , sociology , social ecology , literature and visual culture .

As the black lesbian feminists Odrell Lorde said , " The lessons of black mothers are taught by everyone " , so the significance of exploring and explaining the identity of a black mother is not only to deconstruct and rebuild their identity , but also to the freedom , equality and fraternity of the human itself . On the one hand , we can help us understand the changes in the contemporary American society and culture and the sublimation of the humanistic spirit . On the other hand , it is of reference to the study of domestic women and minorities .

【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C913.68;I106.4

【共引文献】