索尔仁尼琴：历史语境与文明冲突中的反抗性写作

发布时间：2018-04-15 14:35

本文选题：索尔仁尼琴 + 历史语境　；参考：《北京大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：如何解释俄罗斯作家亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴一生思想立场的几次戏剧性转变,在俄罗斯与西方学界是一个富有争议的难题。而在中国,作家后期思想的转变与推进,则还未得到应有关注。在很大程度上,造成这种解释和接受困境的,恰恰是那些曾让索尔仁尼琴本人深感警惕,并努力反抗的“思想体系”与文化心态。在充分借鉴已有研究成果的基础上,本文将从“历史与个人交互作用”这一特定角度,重新梳理作家在各个重大历史关口的特定探求与情思：索尔仁尼琴需要面对的历史片段,几乎都是在激烈的文明冲突中形成的。而承续着俄罗斯强大的知识分子传统,作家与它们一次次地发生碰撞。他不得不用自己的反抗性写作,去尽量平衡那些已经严重失衡的外部结构。而这直接导致了其思想的“偏激”和日趋“保守”。古拉格经历为索尔仁尼琴完成了最重要的一次精神驱魔。带着“俄罗斯作家”的特殊意识,他开始记录苏联的现代化急行军对传统价值观与社会联系的摧毁(第一章)；“解冻”的中止,也未能阻止其在《古拉格群岛》中反抗那些抽空人类生活之丰富性,并让“恶”得以正义化的“思想体系”。通过“多声部”这一小说结构形式,他极力呈现了历史之非理性与开放性。而这些都支撑着作家对文明发展的所谓“普适”方案提出了质疑(第二章)；不过,只有当索尔仁尼琴来到西方,看到了许多熟悉而危险的现代性“怪物”后,他才将20世纪俄罗斯的政治灾难与启蒙时代之后整个西方世界的精神失序联系起来。这位永远的反抗者也与西方这一并不像其表面看来那么开放的强势文明发生了一系列冲突。跨文化经历既给他带来了诸多不适,也有力地刺激了其思想,让他得以逐步厘清自己的文化立场(第三章)；隐居佛蒙特后,作家将主要精力投入到了《红轮》这部总结性的作品中。从自己的历史观与文化观出发,他对俄罗斯革命的所谓必然性与积极性进行了挑战。而与其对俄罗斯未来道路的寄望相呼应,他笔下的帝俄历史也闪现出了某种活力(第四章)；苏联解体后,作家带着重建方案回到祖国,却发现俄罗斯在又一轮狂热的西化后,走到了崩溃的边缘。他只能以一种更加激烈的态度去提醒人们尊重本民族的传统(第五章)。考虑到中俄语境的高度相似,对索尔仁尼琴“逃回传统”之旅的这种追踪,将特别有助于我们思考现代性“红轮”碾压之下自身文明发展的许多困境、风险以及可能性。
[Abstract]:How to explain the dramatic transformation of Russian writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn ' s whole life ' s thought stand is a controversial problem in Russia and Western academic circles .

Gurragher has experienced the most important spiritual drive for Solzhenitsyn . With the special consciousness of " Russian writer " , he began to record the destruction of the Soviet Union ' s modernization in connection with traditional values and social connections ( chap . I ) ;
The suspension of the " thaw " also failed to prevent it from fighting against the richness of the empty human life and making the " evil " justice system of " thought system " . Through the structure of " multi - vocal part " , he tried to present the irrational and openness of history . These all supported the author ' s question about the so - called " universal " scheme of the development of civilization ( chapter II ) ;
However , only when Solzhenitsyn came to the West , he saw a lot of familiar and dangerous modern " monsters " , and he only linked the political disaster of Russia in the 20th century with the spirit of the whole Western world after the Enlightenment .
From his view of history and culture , he challenged the so - called inevitability and enthusiasm of the Russian revolution .
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union , the writer returned to the motherland with the reconstruction programme , but found that Russia went to the brink of collapse after another round of fanaticism . He can only remind people to respect the tradition of the nation in a more violent manner ( Chapter V ) . In view of the high similarity of the context of China and Russia , it will especially help us to reflect on the many difficulties , risks and possibilities of the development of civilization under the " Red Wheel " of modernity .

【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I512.074

【参考文献】