道德的回归—阿瑟米勒戏剧中道德观研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 11:06

本文选题：文学伦理学批评 + 阿瑟米勒　；参考：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：阿瑟·米勒(1915-2005),美国著名的戏剧家,同尤金·奥尼尔和田纳西·威廉斯一起被誉为美国戏剧界的三巨头。他具有强烈的社会责任感,将戏剧舞台作为作家反映社会,解决社会问题的最佳方式。他的作品广受人们关注,对作品主题的研究大多数集中在悲剧观,美国梦等方面。然而米勒作品中的伦理道德观很值得人们注意,细读他的作品,我们会发现米勒试图揭示在美国繁荣的表面之下,隐藏着诸多矛盾,带给人们对人生的迷茫与困惑。本文选取了米勒三部具有代表性的剧本,《推销员之死》,《都是我的儿子》和《萨勒姆的女巫》,这三部剧是米勒创作中期的代表作,也是其创作最为成熟的时期。本文试图通过运用文学伦理学批评的方法对米勒的道德观的进行研究,揭示出个人、家庭、社会三者之间存在着必然的联系,道德的缺失引起社会道德的混乱,对个人、家庭乃至社会都有着巨大的影响,使人们普遍处于矛盾冲突之中。本文共有五个部分,内容如下：论文的第一部分是引言部分,主要是对米勒的生平以及文学创作进行了简单的介绍,对国内外学术界对米勒及其作品的评价也做了简单回顾,并且指出了论文的写作目的和论文的整体布局。第二部分是对文学伦理学批评的方法进行了介绍,指出运用这一方法的意义和主要内容。文学伦理学批评是具有悠久历史却又是有别于伦理学批评的一种方法,在对文学现象的研究基础上客观研究文学的伦理与道德因素,揭示对社会的启示。论文的第三部分详细分析了米勒三部作品中道德主题的体现。由于各种历史社会原因,犹太人非常重视人与人之间的关系,注重人和由人所构成的团体社会之间相互影响的作用。而这一重要思想在现代美国文化下经历着冲击,指出了在现代社会人类经历的思想冲突,由此带来的后果,即道德的缺失。同时也指出如何能够解决矛盾冲突,实现人类的自我救赎和思想的升华。三部戏剧中主人公深受这些矛盾冲突的影响,最终通过死亡来实现解脱,同时也是使原本处于冲突的个人、家庭、社会三者的关系重新回归到正轨上。论文的第四部分对影响米勒道德观的背景因素进行了分析,指出米勒的道德观很大程度上受到其犹太背景的影响。作为犹太移民的后代,既受到犹太文化影响,也受到美国文化的影响,不同文化的冲突带来其心灵上的冲突。同时对米勒生活有着重要影响的麦卡锡主义使得他进一步认识到人类的自私性,更加明确道德在人类生活中的重要作用,因而持续关注道德问题。论文的第五部分是全文的总结部分,指出作为美国犹太裔作家的米勒之所以这么关注文学作品中的道德主题是赋予了文学教育的功能,道德价值取向是对人类生活具有崇高之上的意义。最后指出米勒道德观对普遍社会的影响作用,关注其中的积极乐观精神,人类的受难是成功走向救赎升华的步骤,社会的道德秩序是可以重新建立的。
[Abstract]:Arthur Miller (1915-2005), a famous American dramatist, together with Eugene ONeil and Tennessee Williams, is known as the three giant in the American theatre world. He has a strong sense of social responsibility and the stage of drama as the best formula to reflect society and solve social problems. His works are widely concerned with the theme of his works. Most of them are focused on the view of tragedy, the American dream and so on. However, the ethical and moral values in Miller's works are worth paying attention to and reading his works carefully. We will find that Miller tries to reveal a lot of contradictions under the surface of the prosperity of the United States, which brings people to the confusion and confusion of life.
This article selects three representative plays of Miller, the death of a salesman, my son and the Witch of SA Lem. The three plays are the representative works of Miller's middle period of creation and the most mature period of his creation. This article tries to reveal the moral view of Miller by using the method of Literary Ethics criticism. There is an inevitable connection between the three people, family and society. The lack of morality causes the confusion of social morality, and has a great influence on the individual, family and even the society, which makes people generally in conflict.
There are five parts in this paper, which are as follows:
The first part of the thesis is the introduction, which is a brief introduction to Miller's life and literary creation, and a brief review of the evaluation of Miller and his works by the academic circles at home and abroad, and points out the purpose of the paper and the overall layout of the paper.
The second part is the introduction of the method of Literary Ethics Criticism, pointing out the significance and main content of the application of this method. The Literary Ethics Criticism is a method with long history but different from ethical criticism. It is a kind of ethical and moral factors to study literature on the basis of the study of literary phenomena, and to reveal to the society. The enlightenment.
The third part of the paper analyzes the embodiment of the moral theme in Miller's three works. Because of various historical and social reasons, the Jews attach great importance to the relationship between people and people, and pay attention to the interaction between the people and the group society made up by people. The ideological clash of human experience in modern society, resulting in the consequences of the loss of morality, also points out how to solve conflicts and achieve human self redemption and sublimation of thought. The protagonist of the three plays is deeply influenced by these conflicts and finally realized by death and death, but at the same time it is in conflict. The relationship between the three individuals, family and society has come back to the right track.
The fourth part of the thesis makes an analysis of the background factors affecting Miller's moral view, pointing out that Miller's moral concept is greatly influenced by his Jewish background. As a descendant of Jewish immigrants, it is influenced by both Jewish culture and American culture, and the conflict of different cultures brings his spiritual conflict. At the same time, Miller The Mccarthy doctrine, which has an important influence on life, makes him more aware of the selfishness of human beings and clearer the important role of morality in human life, and thus continues to pay attention to the moral problems.
The fifth part of the thesis is the summary of the full text. It is pointed out that Miller, a Jewish American writer, has given the moral theme of literary works to the function of literary education. The moral value orientation is of lofty significance to human life. Finally, it points out the influence of Miller's morality on the universal society. In the positive and optimistic spirit, human suffering is a step towards success and sublimation, and the moral order of society can be rebuilt.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.073

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