俄罗斯文学中的“傻子伊万”形象及其发展演变

发布时间：2018-04-20 21:00

本文选题：“傻子伊万” + 民俗学　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“傻子伊万”,有时也被叫做“小傻子伊万奴什卡”,是俄罗斯民间童话中最重要人物之一。本论文讨论了“傻子伊万”形象的发源：“傻子伊万”的形象起源于罗斯受洗之后,他的名字结合了多神教和东正教的因素,“傻子伊万”形象是东正教和多神教文化融合交汇的产物。本论文总结出了“傻子伊万”形象的基本概念.“傻子伊万”是永远不追逐利益、头脑简单、善良正直的人,他往往习惯无条件服从,能够吃苦,逆来顺受,有奉献和牺牲精神,他的行事标准超越了“用理智可衡量”的范围,在不自觉的情况下无限接近超越理智的最高真理,顺应天命,并且常常因此而受到上帝的恩惠。本文还归纳了“傻子伊万”形象的特质：言语混乱难懂,身体强健,思维怪异,具有超自然特征。本文分析了民间故事中“傻子伊万”故事的最常见情节类型：“傻瓜故事”、“冒险中的互相帮助”、“傻瓜的人物”,研究了不同情节类型中“傻子伊万”的共性,归纳了故事中的主人公“傻子伊万”的行为特征,挖掘出了“傻瓜”表象下隐藏的内涵“傻瓜故事”中的“伊万”形象的“傻”本质在于对利益的漠视和对建立在追求利益基础上的社会秩序的不理解。“冒险中的互相帮助”中伊万的好运是上天对他不计较个人利益、无偿付出帮助他人的行为的回报,在无意间,他的行事顺应了天命符合最高的道德标准,因而获得了恩赐。在“傻瓜的任务”中I‘i傻子伊万”的成功是无为世界观的胜利,他不做思考,无欲无求,全然听从上天安排,并且总有好的结果,这体现了俄罗斯民间宗教文化的精神特征。本文还从整体上研究了了“傻子伊万”作为一个文学形象在俄罗斯文学发展史中的反映,结合具体作品,分析了作家笔下的“傻子伊万”形象的特点及发展演变：叶尔肖夫在《小驼马》塑造的“傻子伊万”形象是知识分子对民间童话神奇主人公的艺术性归纳和总结。列夫·托尔斯泰在《傻子伊万与武士谢苗、大肚子塔拉斯、哑巴妹妹、老鬼和三个小鬼》中将“傻子伊万”的故事作为道德说教的范例来写,他将伊万变成了托尔斯泰主义的内涵——对立于功利主义的博爱价值观的化身。高尔基在《俄罗斯童话》第十四篇中,大胆地抛弃了传统伊万故事的情节构架,将傻瓜直接放入真实的历史中,借用传统民间童话中的“傻子伊万”形象用漫画式的夸张的手法描述了伊万的悲剧,借此来批判无为、过分忍耐和顺从等俄罗斯民族性格中的劣根性。本文还结合具体作品,分析了作家笔下的“伊万式人物”形象：屠格涅夫在《猎人笔记》的《孤狼》和《死》中塑造了一批“伊万式人物”,他们和伊万一样来源于田间,他们身上浸染了专属于他们的特征,承载了宗法制土地文化,伊万特质潜移默化地影响着他们的行为方式和思维方法,屠格涅夫真实地再现了他们的生活状态。陀思妥耶夫斯基在小说《白夜》中塑造的男女主人公都是“伊万式人物”,他们摒弃理性的缜密思维,摒弃对世俗利欲的追求,只靠直觉活着,没有丝毫利益的衡量,达到了爱的最高境界——博爱,“傻子伊万”的特质也正是陀思妥耶夫斯基《白夜》中男女主人公所拥有的高尚品质。
[Abstract]:The " idiot Ivan " , sometimes called the " small fool Ivushka " , is one of the most important characters in Russian folk fairy tales .

This thesis discusses the origin of the image of " idiot Ivan " . The image of " idiot Ivan " originated from Ross ' s washing , his name combined with the factors of polyseism and Orthodox Church , and the image of " fool Ivan " is the product of the convergence of Orthodox and polyseism culture .

This paper sums up the basic concept of the image of " idiot Ivan " . " The fool Ivan " is a person who never pursues the benefit , the mind is simple , the kind and honest , he is often used to unconditional obedience , can endure hardship , adversity , dedication and sacrifice spirit . His standard of action goes beyond the scope of " rational measurable " . He also sums up the characteristics of the image of " fool Ivan " : the confusion of words , the body is strong , the thinking is strange , and has supernatural characteristics .

This paper analyses the most common types of " fool Ivan " in folk stories : " fool story " , " mutual help of adventure " , " fool ' s figure " , studies the behavior characteristic of " fool Ivan " in different plot types , sums up the character of " idiot Ivan " in different plot types , sums up the reward of " idiot Ivan " in different plot types . He does not think , does not want to ask , listens to heaven arrangement completely , and has good results , which reflects the spiritual characteristics of Russian folk religious culture . This article also studies the characteristics and development of " idiot Ivan " as a literary image in the history of Russian literature development . This article also analyses the image of " Ivan " in the writer ' s handwriting in combination with the specific works : Slaughter , like Ivan , has created a number of " Ivan people " in the lonely wolf and the Death Valley of the hunter ' s note . The hero of the male and female who is shaped in his novels by Dostoyevsky is the " Ivan type figure " .

【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I512

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