《宠儿》的叙事伦理学分析

发布时间：2018-04-23 04:19

本文选题：《宠儿》 + 叙事伦理学　；参考：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：获得1993年诺贝尔文学奖的托妮·莫里森是美国著名黑人女作家和杰出的小说家，其作品受到国际文坛各领域的高度评价。《宠儿》被认为是莫里森最好的作品之一，该作品一经问世便引起了国内外学者的普遍关注，并荣获1988年的普利策奖。莫里森的作品包含着丰富的伦理因素，如母女关系、自我身份缺失、母爱等，《宠儿》也不例外。众所周知，学者们已经从不同角度对《宠儿》进行了分析，但鲜有人从叙事伦理学的角度对其进行研究。叙事伦理学理论先驱之一刘小枫认为，叙事伦理学实质上就是蕴含着丰富伦理意蕴的故事，其探讨的是叙事的伦理内容。本文从叙事伦理学出发，分别从女性叙事、家庭叙事和种族叙事三个方面对《宠儿》中的伦理因素进行了叙事伦理学分析，探索了莫里森的伦理思想，进而展现莫里森对于黑人民族乃至整个人类社会的贡献。本论文由导论、正文和结论三部分组成。正文分为三章。导论简要介绍托妮·莫里森的生活和写作经历、小说《宠儿》的主要情节和国内外学者对《宠儿》的学术研究成果。随后阐述了叙事伦理学的定义以及其主要理论家的观点，并指出本论文的写作目的。第一章从女性叙事的角度详细探讨了莫里森的伦理观。《宠儿》中的女性叙事指奴隶制度下有关黑人女性的特殊经历和对自我价值的伦理诉求的故事。本章首先介绍了奴隶制度下黑人女性的处境和白人对其身心的双重压迫。其次分析了塞丝一家三代女性对自我价值的伦理追求，最后得出莫里森关于女性的伦理思想：奴隶制下的黑人女性应争取自由和自我价值，在其斗争过程中，其自我价值应必须与黑人社区的集体价值标准相符，并寻求黑人社区帮助，只有这样她们才能得到真正的身心自由。第二章从家庭叙事的角度分析莫里森的伦理观。《宠儿》中家庭叙事指黑人家庭随着家庭结构的变化而发生的故事。小说围绕着塞丝家庭结构的变化而展开，情节集中于塞丝的母爱。奴隶制度下的特殊经历，使塞丝承担起黑人母亲应有的责任并尽最大努力保持家庭完整。通过塞丝的家庭叙事，莫里森表达了其对母爱的伦理观：奴隶制下黑人妇女的母爱是浓厚而强烈的，而残酷的奴隶制度所造成的心灵扭曲则是导致其母爱扭曲的主要原因。第三章从种族叙事的角度探索莫里森对于种族的伦理思想。《宠儿》中种族叙事指奴隶制下有关黑人的痛苦心理及其对白人的反抗斗争的故事。本章第一节揭露了奴隶制时期黑人的惨状及种族主义给黑人带来的痛苦。在此情形下，黑人形成了其独特的生存伦理。第二节以塞丝为例详细说明其顺从和反抗的选择都是为了追求生存伦理。最后总结出莫里森关于种族的伦理思想：黑人应勇敢地面对其历史，团结互助并从其痛苦的过去走出来，只有这样他们才能恢复种族意识，重建美好未来。结论指出了莫里森的真实创作意图和创作价值，并对前三章做出简要总结。奴隶制虽已被废除一百多年，，但现代社会的黑人仍生活在奴隶制的阴影里并逃避了一些本该承担的责任,这成为现代社会黑人所面临的各种问题的根源。带着强烈的民族意识和政治意识，莫里森教育现代社会的黑人勇敢摆脱奴隶制的阴影，重建民族意识，团结起来，共同面对和改变他们的现状，同时建议黑人妇女、单亲妈妈和未成年妈妈们追求自我意识和自我价值，承担起作为母亲应有的责任。莫里森的伦理思想具有重要价值，它不仅有助于解决现代社会黑人现存问题，而且可以用来解决其他种族存在的问题。
[Abstract]:Toni Morrison, who won the 1993 Nobel prize in literature, is a famous American black woman writer and an outstanding novelist. His works are highly valued in various fields of the international literary world. < beloved > is considered to be one of the best works of Morrison. The work has aroused general attention of scholars both at home and abroad and won Pulitzer in the world. Award.
Morrison's works contain rich ethical factors, such as the relationship between mother and daughter, lack of self identity, mother love and so on. It is well known that scholars have analyzed the beloved from different angles, but few people have studied it from the perspective of narrative ethics. One of the pioneers of narrative ethics theory Liu Xiaofeng believes that narration is the one of narrative ethics. In essence, ethics is a story with rich ethical implications, which discusses the ethical content of the narrative. From three aspects of narrative ethics, this article analyses the ethical factors of the beloved from three aspects of female narrative, family narrative and racial narrative, and explores the ethical thought of the ethics, and then unfolds the ethics. Leeson's contribution to the black nation and even the entire human society.
This paper consists of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. The text is divided into three chapters.
The introduction gives a brief introduction to Toni Morrison's life and writing experience, the main plot of the novel < beloved > and the academic achievements of the scholar at home and abroad. Then the definition of narrative ethics and the views of his main theorists are expounded, and the purpose of this thesis is pointed out.
The first chapter discusses Morrison's ethics in detail from the perspective of female narration. The female narration in < beloved > refers to the special experiences of black women under slavery and the ethical appeal of self value. This chapter first introduces the situation of black women under the slave system and the double oppression of the white people on their body and mind. Secondly, the paper analyzes the double oppression of the white people on their body and mind. The ethical pursuit of self worth for the three generation of the three generation women of Seth finally draws the ethical thought of women: the black women under slavery should strive for freedom and self value. In the course of their struggle, their self value should be in conformity with the collective values of the black community and seek the help of the black community. Only in this way they are of the help of the black community. To get real physical and mental freedom.
The second chapter analyzes Morrison's ethics from the perspective of family narration. The family narrative refers to the story of the Black family with the change of family structure. The novel revolves around the changes in the structure of the Seth family. The plot concentrates on the mother's love. The special experience under the slave system makes Seth assume the black mother's due. Through the family narrative of Seth, Morrison expressed his ethical view of maternal love: the mother love of black women in slavery is strong and strong, and the soul distortion caused by the cruel slavery is the main cause of the distortion of her mother's love.
The third chapter explores the ethnicity of Morrison's ethnicity from the perspective of racial narration. < beloved > the racial narration refers to the bitter psychology of the black people under slavery and the struggle against the white people. The first section of this chapter reveals the tragic and racist suffering of the black people in the period of slavery. In this case, the black man. In the second section, with Seth as an example, the choice of obedience and rebellion is to pursue the ethics of survival. Finally, it summarizes Morrison's ethical ideas about race: blacks should face their history bravely, unite and mutual help and come out of their painful past, only in this way they can restore race. Consciousness, reconstructing a good future.
The conclusion points out the true intention and value of creation of Morrison, and makes a brief summary of the first three chapters. Although slavery has been abolished for more than 100 years, the black people of modern society still live in the shadow of slavery and evade some of the responsibilities that they should bear. This has become the root of various problems faced by the blacks of modern society. Strong national consciousness and political consciousness, Morrison educated the black people in modern society to get rid of the shadow of slavery, rebuild their national consciousness, unite to face and change their present situation, and suggest that black women, single mothers and young mothers pursue their own sense of meaning and self value, and assume the responsibilities of their mothers. Morrison's ethical thought is of great value. It not only helps solve the existing problems of the black people in modern society, but also can solve the problems of other races.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

【引证文献】