从后现代主义看纳博科夫虚幻—现实情结在《洛丽塔》中的表现

发布时间：2018-04-25 20:13

本文选题：弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫 + 虚幻-现实情结　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫是一位俄裔美国作家,20世纪最杰出的小说家和文体学家之一,也是后现代主义文学的代表人物之一。后现代主义思潮出现在二战后的西方社会,在文学领域表现为一种拒绝单一真理的姿态。后现代主义作家提倡多元化,对各种可能的文本解释、现实、不确定及悖论展现出包容和认同的姿态,接受并宽容各种标准或者差异。作为后现代主义小说的先行者,纳博科夫持有相似的观点,他认为,小说就是身为艺术家的作者利用文字搭建而成的游戏殿堂,各种从小说中探寻真实的努力都是徒劳。在诸如《防御》、《绝望》、《奥勒留》、《洛丽塔》、《眼睛》等小说中,形形色色的英雄及反英雄人物深陷于同样的困境难以自拔。他们唾弃并鄙夷自己所生活的现实世界,称其为“虚幻”。生活在与自我格格不入的真实世界中,他们不断尝试利用想象建造起独属自我的梦境,并将这一自造的梦境强加在周遭的现实之上。在这样做的过程中,他们要么遭遇自身梦境的彻底破灭,要么给牵涉其中的他人带来伤害。这个含有悖论意味的主题出现在纳博科夫的多部作品中,也在他颇具争议的《洛丽塔》中有充分展示。这部小说中,主人公亨伯特·亨伯特在少年懵懂时期的一次恋爱中受挫,自此以后便迷恋于早熟的少女。这一潜藏的迷恋伴随亨伯特进入中年,并在他遇见13岁的少女洛丽塔后浮出水面。亨伯特为自己编织了一张精巧、美丽的爱情之网,洛丽塔成了他实现这一梦境的工具。他坚信自己人为幻想的真实,并通过一系列精心设计的诡计,企图实现这一幻想。追寻的最后,他终于认识到自己一直以来深爱的都不是那个有血有肉的少女,而是自己苦心经营的一个梦境。梦境幻灭后,他终于接受了周遭的现实,承认了自己谋害奎尔蒂以及洛丽塔的事实。小说中,作者并没有对亨伯特进行任何形式的道德审判。但有着两面性的亨伯特被作者塑造成了一个既可恨又值得同情的人物。本篇论文由四章组成。引言部分介绍了《洛丽塔》一书的主要情节及研究概况。该论文从后现代主义文学理论出发,对《洛丽塔》一书中的虚幻-现实主题进行了分析,以期帮助读者更好地了解纳博科夫作家本人及他的相关作品。第一章对后现代主义文学进行了大体介绍。后现代主义作家对现实持有一种怀疑的态度,这种态度表现在他们创作的文本中,个体经验和活动也有了欺骗性和虚幻性,现实不再是一成不变、可以信赖的事物。第二章分析了支撑纳博科夫虚幻-现实这一主题偏好的创作观。宣称小说为艺术作品的纳博科夫,在他的作品创作中进行了各种实验,并在他最悲剧的小说故事中营造出了一种独特的美学效果。纳博科夫对自由主义思想的热切追求很少有人能够与之匹敌,他也从不掩饰自己对任何性质的派系及归类的憎恶。但他对现实“主观、善变”的看法却与后现代主义有很多相同的地方。第三章主要讨论反映在《洛丽塔》一书中的虚幻-现实主题。有关镜子的比喻在这部小说中比比皆是,它们暗示着个体束缚和囚禁,从而进一步营造出文本中无处不在的虚幻与现实相互交织的效果。第四章阐述了纳博科夫所钟爱的写作技巧及主题在他作品中的具体表现。后现代主义写作特征和主题特色在纳博科夫的作品中随处可见。它们一起营造了纳博科夫的虚幻-现实情结。最后是结论部分。纳博科夫写作的时代见证了科技的高速发展,以及这种高速发展对人类现实观的重创。纳博科夫的虚幻-现实主题偏好是后现代主义作家们的共同爱好。纳博科夫在小说中并没有对亨伯特进行任何形式的道德审判或批评,他似乎在暗示,在这个疯狂和荒唐的世界里,每个人都应该利用自己的艺术方法建立起独属自己的艺术世界,来抵御这一日常世界的疯狂现实。作家同时警告,在这样做的时候,我们必须非常小心,以免在其中任何一个世界里迷失自我。
[Abstract]:Vladimir Nabokov is a Russian American writer, one of the most outstanding novelists and stylistics in the twentieth Century, and one of the representative figures of postmodernism literature. Postmodernism appeared in the western society after World War II, showing a gesture of refusing a single truth in the field of literature. Postmodernist writers advocated the trend of postmodernism. As a forerunner of Postmodernist Novels, Nabokov holds similar views as the forerunner of Postmodernist Novels, which he thinks is the hall of the game created by the author of the artist. All kinds of efforts to seek truth from fiction are futile.
In novels such as "defense >", "despair >", "Aurelius >", "Lolita >" and "eyes >", all kinds of heroes and anti heroes are stuck in the same plight. They spit on and despise the real world of their lives. They are called "illusory". Living in a real world that is not fit for themselves, they are constantly trying to make use of their thoughts. It is like building a self - self dream and putting this self - created dream on the reality of the surroundings. In doing so, they either encounter a complete disillusionment of their own dreams or bring harm to others involved. The paradox theme appears in many of Nabokov's works, and is quite contending for him. The novel, < Lolita > is fully demonstrated. In this novel, the hero, Henbert Henbert, was frustrated in a young love period, and then was infatuated with the precocious maiden. This obsessive infatuation was accompanied by Henbert into middle age and came to the surface after he met the 13 year old girl Lolita. Henbert weaves for himself. A beautiful and beautiful net of love, Lolita became a tool for his dream. He believed that he was a fantasy, and he tried to realize it through a series of carefully designed tricks. Finally, he realized that he had always loved not that flesh and blood but his own bitter heart. A dream of business. After the disillusionment of the dream, he finally accepted the reality of his surroundings and acknowledged the fact that he had murdered quillti and Lolita. In the novel, the author did not conduct any form of moral trial for Henbert. But the two sides of Henbert were molded into a hated and sympathizing character by the author.
This paper is composed of four chapters. The introduction introduces the main plot and research situation of "Lolita >". From the postmodernist literary theory, the thesis analyzes the fictitious realistic theme in the book of "Lolita >" in order to help readers better understand Nabokov writer himself and his related works. The postmodernist literature has a general introduction. The postmodernist writers hold a skeptical attitude to reality. This attitude is manifested in the text of their creation. The individual experience and activity also have deception and illusory, the reality is no longer a constant and trustworthy thing. The second chapter analyzes the support of Nabokov's fantasy reality. A concept of theme preference. Nabokov, who claims that the novel is a work of art, carries out various experiments in his works and creates a unique aesthetic effect in his most tragic story. Nabokov's hot pursuit of liberalism has rarely been able to rival it, and he never disguised himself. Any nature of the factions and dislike of categorization. But his view of reality "subjective, change" has many similarities with postmodernism. The third chapter mainly discusses the Illusory Reality theme reflected in the book "Lolita >". The metaphor of the mirror is abound in this novel, which imply individual bondage and imprisoned, thus In the fourth chapter, the fourth chapter describes the writing skills and the specific manifestations of the theme in his works. The postmodernist writing features and thematic features are everywhere in Nabokov's works. Together they create the illusion of Nabokov. Nabokov's writing time has witnessed the rapid development of science and technology, as well as the heavy creation of this high speed development on human reality. Nabokov's fantasy realistic theme preference is the common hobby of postmodernist writers. Nabokov does not carry out any form of way to Henbert in the novel. He seems to suggest that in this crazy and absurd world, in this crazy and absurd world, everyone should use his own art to build up his own art world to resist the crazy reality of this daily world. Lose yourself.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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