卡夫卡小说中的现代主义特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 18:27

本文选题：卡夫卡 + 现代主义　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：卡夫卡是现代主义小说的奠基人之一,他的精神气质和艺术作品在很大程度上影响了现代小说的基本走向。由于卡夫卡开创了全新的创作风格,由于他着力表达的是个人化的生存体验,还由于他非功利性的创作态度,因而,就使他有可能揭示出人类发展的终极秘密。卡夫卡生存在现代主义的开端处,他对于现代主义小说的开启作用是多方面的：他那独特的“蛰居”或退缩式的生存姿态,很大程度上代表了现代作家所共有的精神特征,或者说真实地反映了现代作家与世界之间的那种紧张关系；他把世界刻画为一个永远无法走出的迷宫,同时又使自己笔下的人物陷于一种无法解脱的梦魇或变形状态,这显然真实地反映了现代人的生存困境,以及现代社会的异化状态,从而给后来的作家以深刻的影响和启迪；他以表现主义的手法对真实的世界进行系统的变形和扭曲,从而成功地营造了一个亦真亦幻、似梦非梦的奇特世界,这在根本上使小说艺术摆脱了近代现实主义的桎梏,从而决定性地迈入了现代艺术的门槛……凡此种种,都对后世的现代主义小说的创作与表现产生了深远的影响。卡夫卡的作品利用变形主义来体现主题,来体现作者对于世界的认知与理解,用荒诞而又真实的故事来引发人们的思考,其作品深含寓意,体现的是对现实扭曲和抽象化的内容,用来表达人物内心恐惧的情感,是表现主义作家中创作上最有成就者。卡夫卡作品的主人公多是名不见经传的底层小人物,作者倾力写他们的情绪与情感。他们在这异化的世界里感到不安,惊恐,惶惑,被孤立,身心遭受到巨大压迫却又没有勇力反抗,对明天充满期待却又看不见出路在哪里。这些画面无不使我们感到些许恐惧和讶异,我们分明感觉到他多么深切地为人类的境况与未来担忧,他在用寓言给我们敲着警钟。通过对卡夫卡小说艺术特征进行探析,我们可以对现代主义小说进行透彻地了解,对其艺术表现手法和创作手法进行了解,能够让我们真正地认知现代小说的起点。文章第一部分阐述了卡夫卡与表现主义之间的关系,第二部分论述了卡夫卡的艺术观,第三部分通过对卡夫卡的作品的分析,观照了卡夫卡的整个艺术世界,第四部分专章论述卡夫卡“法眼”中的异化世界,为卡夫卡作品的深沉内蕴佐证。
[Abstract]:Kafka is one of the founders of modern novels. His spiritual temperament and works of art influence the basic trend of modern novels to a great extent. Because Kafka created a new creative style, because of his efforts to express the personal survival experience, but also because of his non-utilitarian creative attitude, it is possible for him to reveal the ultimate secret of human development. Kafka lived at the beginning of modernism, and his role in the opening of modernist novels was manifold: his unique "living in seclusion" or flinching living posture, to a large extent, represented the spiritual characteristics shared by modern writers. Or a true reflection of the tension between the modern writer and the world, who portrays the world as a maze that he can never get out of, and at the same time puts his characters in a state of inextricable nightmares or deformations, This obviously reflects the plight of modern people's existence and the alienation of modern society, thus giving a profound influence and enlightenment to later writers. He systematically distorts and distorts the real world by means of expressionism. Thus successfully created a strange world, which is also true and fantasy, as if dream is not a dream, which fundamentally makes the novel art get rid of the shackles of modern realism, and thus decisively step into the threshold of modern art. All these have exerted a profound influence on the creation and expression of modernist novels. Kafka's works use metamorphism to embody the theme, to reflect the author's cognition and understanding of the world, and to arouse people's thinking with absurd and true stories. It embodies the distorted and abstracted content of reality, which is used to express the feelings of the characters' inner fear, and is the most accomplished writer of expressionism. The protagonists of Kafka's works are mostly unknown underclass people, whose emotions and emotions are written by the author. In this dissimilated world, they feel uneasy, frightened, confused, isolated, physically and mentally oppressed but powerless to resist, full of expectation for tomorrow but unable to see the way out. All of these images make us feel a little frightened and surprised. We clearly feel how deeply he worries about the human condition and the future, and he is sounding the alarm bell for us with fables. By analyzing the artistic characteristics of Kafka's novels, we can thoroughly understand modernist novels, understand their artistic expression techniques and creative techniques, so that we can truly understand the starting point of modern novels. The first part of the article expounds the relationship between Kafka and expressionism, the second part discusses Kafka's view of art, the third part, through the analysis of Kafka's works, looks at the whole art world of Kafka. The fourth chapter discusses the alienated world in Kafka's eyes of the Law, which proves the profound connotation of Kafka's works.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I521.074

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