莎士比亚戏剧中圣徒式人物形象研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 20:40

本文选题：莎士比亚戏剧 + 圣徒式　；参考：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：莎士比亚戏剧属于伊丽莎白时期的世俗戏剧，虽然重在宣扬人文主义个性解放思想，但是由于文化渊源继承性，人文主义继承了基督教文化中“仁慈、博爱、宽恕”及注重人的性灵和道德完善等道德观念。莎士比亚戏剧创作中亦有基督教道德观的体现，不仅仅是体现在圣经典故的化用和宗教主题上，，还体现在一些宗教意味浓厚的戏剧人物言行上。莎士比亚作品中的正面人物往往都是些虔诚的基督徒，这类具有圣徒精神的虔诚基督徒，或是修道士牧师，或是贞洁的女性形象，都传达出了作家的道德观念和人文精神探索。本文有由以下几个方面构成：引言主要是梳理本课题的国内外研究现状，确定本文研究方法及研究内容。第一章是莎士比亚戏剧中的基督教思想和圣徒形象溯源。在莎士比亚戏剧与基督教联系的事实基础上，通过溯源圣经和中世纪圣徒传中的圣徒形象和英格兰圣徒崇拜，对圣徒特征和精神有个广义界定。第二章是分类和评析莎士比亚戏剧中的圣徒式人物。对圣徒特征和精神有个广义界定后并按照“仁慈博爱”和“宽恕牺牲”的宗教道德角度切入文本，划分出莎剧中的三类圣徒式人物类型：一类是本身担任神职并且以身作则，宣扬“仁爱”“宽恕”等基督教传统道德观念的神父；一类是本身不具备宗教职务，但是信仰虔诚、品行高洁，面对现实和信仰的道德困境，宁愿自我牺牲的圣洁女性；还有一类是融合了市民自私“利己”心态和圣徒无私“利民”气质的和解型人物，这类人物是人文复兴时期作家对宗教道德和人文主义精神碰撞的一种妥协，显现出作家对人性解放和道德约束的思考和探索。第三章是从人物叙事学角度把握莎剧中圣徒式人物形象特征，并探讨其美学意义和没落原因。随着作者对现实矛盾认识的深入，作品中所表现出的圣徒式人物形象逐渐融合和发展，由功能性人物形象逐渐转变成心理性人物形象，这是与当时宗教改革和社会发展影响密切相关的，毕竟人文主义价值观在取代宗教道德观的过程必须经过磨合才能达到一种圆融平衡的状态。把莎士比亚戏剧置于时代背景下，凸显伊丽莎白时代莎剧中这类圣徒式人物的没落衰亡，表现出莎士比亚的宗教人文主义精神探索。结语总结了全文内容，并就莎士比亚在戏剧中塑造出圣徒式人物形象和其形象发展的特征和文学史意义进行总结。
[Abstract]:Shakespeare's plays belong to the worldly drama of Elizabeth period. Although the emphasis is on advocating humanism to emancipate the mind, because of the inheritance of the cultural origin, humanism inherits the "benevolence and fraternity" in the Christian culture. Forgiving and paying attention to the moral concepts such as human spirit and moral perfection. There is also Christian morality in Shakespeare's plays, not only in the use of biblical allusions and religious themes, but also in the words and deeds of some dramatic characters with strong religious significance. The characters in Shakespeare's works are often devout Christians, such as religious Christians with saintly spirit, monks or chaste female images, all convey the writer's moral concept and humanistic spirit exploration. This paper is composed of the following aspects: The introduction is mainly to sort out the domestic and foreign research status of this topic, to determine the research methods and research content. The first chapter is the origin of the Christian thought and the image of saints in Shakespeare's plays. On the basis of the fact that Shakespeare's plays are related to Christianity, there is a broad definition of the characteristics and spirit of saints by tracing back to the images of saints in the Bible and medieval saints and by the worship of saints in England. The second chapter classifies and evaluates the saints in Shakespeare's plays. Having a broad definition of the characteristics and spirit of saints and cutting into the text from the perspective of religious morality of "benevolence and fraternity" and "forgiveness of sacrifice", three types of saints are classified in Shakespeare's plays: the first is their own ministry and lead by example. A priest who preaches the traditional Christian moral concepts such as "benevolence" and "forgiveness"; one is a holy woman who does not have a religious position, but who believes in piety and good conduct, faces the moral dilemma of reality and faith, and prefers to sacrifice herself; There is also a kind of conciliatory figure who combines the selfish "self-interest" mentality of the citizen and the selfless "self-interest" temperament of the saints. This kind of character is a compromise of the writers' collision with religious morality and humanism spirit during the period of humanism revival. It shows the writer's thoughts and explorations on the liberation of human nature and moral restraint. The third chapter is to grasp the characteristics of saint-style figures in Sha's plays from the perspective of character narratology, and to explore its aesthetic significance and the reasons for its decline. With the deepening of the author's understanding of the contradiction of reality, the saint-style figures in his works gradually merge and develop, and the images of the functional characters are gradually transformed into the images of psychological characters. This is closely related to the influence of religious reform and social development at that time. After all, humanism values in the process of replacing religious morality must go through the run-in to achieve a state of harmony and balance. Putting Shakespeare's plays under the background of the times, highlighting the decline and death of such saintly figures in Elizabeth's Sasha plays, it shows Shakespeare's exploration of religious humanism. The conclusion summarizes the content of the full text and summarizes the characteristics and significance of Shakespeare's portrayal of saint-like characters in his plays and the development of his images as well as the significance of literary history.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.073

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