库切对现实主义小说的质疑—《福》与《鲁滨逊漂流记》互文性分析

发布时间：2018-05-19 15:19

本文选题：库切 + 笛福　；参考：《中国地质大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“互文性”一词起源于拉丁语"intertexto",该词意思是在编制的时候加以混合。互文性属于后结构主义和后现代主义的术语。该词由朱丽娅·克里斯蒂娃首次提出,然后又经过罗兰·巴特、加奈特等人加以诠释和发展。互文性一般涉及暗示,改编,戏仿等手法的运用,从而达到文本中有文本的“文本”网络效果。南非作家J.M.库切(1940-)出版于1986年的小说《福》是对英国经典小说《鲁宾逊漂流记》的后现代改写,是一个后现代版的荒岛故事。大多数人将该小说视为对《鲁滨逊漂流记》的解构,但细读之后不难发现,其实《福》和《鲁滨逊漂流记》之间其实存在很强的互文性关系。首先,库切的《福》从故事背景方面和《鲁滨逊漂流记》有互文性关系。两个故事都是发生在资本主义上升时期,而且两者都是发生在殖民扩张时期的英国。但两者不同的是,在《鲁滨逊漂流记》中,作者明确提出了故事发生的时间,并对当时的英国社会做了一定的介绍,但在《福》中并没有给出详细介绍,故事是从新女性人物苏珊·巴顿遭遇意外,落难到荒岛开始的。其次,两本小说在小说场景方面也有互文性关系。两个故事都是属于荒岛故事,并且故事人物都在荒岛上居住了一段时间,并最终获救。但《福》中同时也描述了故事主人公在获救后在英国伦敦的生活,并从在伦敦的生活引出故事中“福”这个人物。再次,《福》和《鲁滨逊漂流记》在故事情节方面也有互文性关系。两个故事都讲述了主人公因遇难而流落到荒岛,并在荒岛生活了下来,最终由经过的船只救出并带回到伦敦。最后,两小说在人物上的互文性是显而易见的。两本小说的人物几乎一致,但在《福》中出现了新的女性人物苏珊·巴顿以及为她写回忆录的作家福。虽然两本小说在故事主角上有些不同,《鲁滨逊漂流记》中的主角是鲁滨逊,而《福》中的主角更偏向于新的女性人物苏珊·巴顿,但两篇文章都是讲述主人公在荒岛上生活的故事,并描述了这段奇遇对他们生活的影响。本文将以互文性为理论基础,对库切小说《福》和笛福小说《鲁宾逊漂流记》做互文性分析,深入的解读《福》的主题、内涵、中心意义和思想,并通过分析《福》和《鲁宾逊漂流记》中故事背景,场景,情节和人物的不同,更深入的解剖两者互文性背后的深层含义,最后得出结论是库切通过《福》对《鲁滨逊漂流记》进行重写,借此来挑战传统现实主义小说,解构传统现实主义小说的真实观。
[Abstract]:The word "intertextuality" originates from the Latin word "intertexto", which means to mix it up when it is written. Intertextuality belongs to terms of post-structuralism and post-modernism. The word was first proposed by Zhu Liya Cristeva and then interpreted and developed by Roland Bart, Garnett and others. Intertextuality generally involves the use of cues, adaptations, parody and so on, so as to achieve the "text" network effect of text. South African writer J. M. Kuchegan (1940-1940), published in 1986, is a postmodern rewriting of the classic English novel Robinson Crusoe, which is a postmodern version of the desert island story. Most people regard the novel as the deconstruction of Robinson Crusoe, but it is not difficult to find that there is a strong intertextuality between "good fortune" and "Robinson Crusoe". First of all, Kuche's blessing has an intertextual relationship with Robinson Crusoe in terms of the context of the story. Both took place during the rise of capitalism, and both took place in Britain during colonial expansion. But the difference is that, in Robinson Crusoe, the author clearly puts forward the time when the story happened and introduces the British society at that time, but in "good fortune" it does not give a detailed introduction. The story begins with the accident of Susan Barton, the new female figure, to the desert island. Secondly, the two novels also have intertextuality in the novel scene. Both stories belong to the desert island story, and the characters lived on the desert island for some time and were eventually rescued. But it also describes the hero's life in London, England, after being rescued, and draws the character "good" from his life in London. Again, good fortune and Robinson Crusoe also have intertextuality in the storyline. Both stories tell the story of the protagonist who was trapped on a desert island, where he lived and was eventually rescued by a passing ship and brought back to London. Finally, the intertextuality of the two novels in the characters is obvious. The characters of the two novels are almost identical, but the new female character Susan Barton and the author of her memoirs, Fu, appear in the book. Although there are some differences between the two novels in the protagonists of the story, the protagonist in Robinson Crusoe is Robinson, while the protagonist in "good fortune" is more inclined to the new female character Susan Barton. But both articles tell the story of the protagonist's life on a desert island and describe the impact of the adventure on their lives. Based on the theory of intertextuality, this paper makes an intertextuality analysis of Kuche's novels "blessing" and Defoe's novel "Robinson Crusoe", and deeply interprets the theme, connotation, central meaning and thought of "blessing". And by analyzing the background, scene, plot and characters of the story and Robinson Crusoe, the deep meaning behind the intertextuality of the two is further dissected. Finally, it is concluded that by rewriting Robinson Crusoe, Kuche challenges the traditional realistic novel and deconstructs the realistic view of the traditional realistic novel.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I478.074

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